Sustainable Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Practical Project Management - Essay Example ng the social, ecological, and efficient interests in venture the executives life cycle to achieve a tolerable, economical and impartial condition (Kohler and et.al., 2012). At the end of the day, it bonds the individuals, planet, and benefits acknowledged in a development venture. This paper talks about reasonable task the executives under four ideas; venture quality, financial examinations (dangers and advantages), development squander the executives, and manufacture activity and upkeep. Rose (2005) characterizes quality as the all out attributes of an item that fulfills the suggested needs. A development venture has a foreseen venture expectations. Along these lines, venture quality administration is a procedure that guarantees that the conveyed venture meets the incentive for cash to the customer. The subtleties of the extent of works and agreement particular archive decide the normal and the degree of value. Undertaking quality administration ought to be perfect with ISO 9000 and ISO 1000 quality measures just as the rules. Task quality additionally centers around the executives of the undertaking and the conveyed. Undertaking examination is an estimating method as opposed to a detailing one. Regardless of this, there is no figure without issues (dangers). Vulnerabilities in specific situations can be changed to dangers. Accordingly the dangers are exposed to observational estimation, examined and oversaw. Hazard evaluation is an investigation of existing probabilities that the task will achieve a palatable execution. Coming up next are the suggested ventures for surveying venture dangers; Money saving advantage investigation is the usually utilized examination method for assessing development ventures. It is required by the customer to determine the incentive for cash for the conveyed venture. A supported task is along these lines what he benefits exceed costs. Money saving advantage investigation is a procedure that decides the upsides and downsides on the venture life cycle. It is worried about the advantages from quality administration versus the expenses of value the board

What Are the Health Benefits of Fenugreek

What Are the Health Benefits of Fenugreek SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Fenugreek is really a multi-reason herb. Individuals from Western Asia and the Mediterranean have utilized fenugreek for a huge number of years to enhance food, improve wellbeing, and calm skin illnesses. In later years, fenugreek has increased worldwide prevalence as anherbalsupplement with an assortment ofhealth benefits. While fenugreek has many promising applications, not the entirety of its uses have yet been supported up by thorough logical assessment. This guide will disclose to you which of fenugreek’s medical advantages are supportedby proof, and which ones stay more old stories than reality. Peruse on to realize what fenugreek is, the thing that it does in the body, and where you can purchase fenugreek to attempt it for yourself. To begin, what precisely is this multifunctional herb? What Is Fenugreek? Fenugreek (logical name Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a plant local to Western Asia and the Mediterranean. It has three green or yellow elliptical leaves, which can be expended new or dried. Fenugreek leaves and seeds areimportant for cooking and meds. Fenugreek seeds, otherwise called methi seeds, are a typical fixing in Indian curries, just as Turkish, Persian, Eritrean, Ethiopian, and Egyptian food. In view of their sweet, maple-syrup like smell and flavor, fenugreek seeds are additionally added to counterfeit maple syrup, confections, frozen yogurt, refreshments, tobacco, cleansers, and makeup. While individuals use fenugreek seeds ina wide exhibit of items today, they have additionally been expending themfor a great many years. Archeologists have found cooked fenugreek seeds in Iraq going back to 4,000 BC! Not exclusively do fenugreek seeds taste great, however they have a few medical advantages. Let’s investigate the structure of fenugreek or methiseedsto make sense of why they function as a viable natural enhancement. Fenugreekseeds are the place the restorative enchantment occurs. What Makes Fenugreek Work? Significant Compounds As you’ll read underneath, the medical advantages of fenugreekinvolve the guideline of glucose, incitement of milk stream in new moms, upkeep of hormones, and treatment of irritation. Researchers have separated a portion of the principle mixes in fenugreek seeds to get to the base of the herb's beneficialeffects. These are the absolute most significant ones: Trigonelline: a betaine particle likewise present in espresso and horse feed that may help forestall and treat diabetes. 4-hydroxyisoleucineand2-oxoglutarate: particles with aninsulin-invigorating impact. Protodioscin: aggravate that may have love potion impacts. Diosgenin and Yamogenin: mixes utilized in the business union of progesterone and other steroid items. 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)- furanone: aggravate that causes amaple-syrup scentin body discharges. Presently that you’ve began to get a feeling of itsmain utilizes, let’s take a gander at what fenugreekdoes and why it works. In the first place, however, an expression of alert about home grown enhancements. Look before you jump! A few retailers care more about their primary concern than your wellbeing. Why You Should Be Cautious AboutHerbal Supplements Home grown cures can be extremely powerful elective medicines to doctor prescribed prescription. Simultaneously, there’s a major business of retailers that misrepresent wellbeing professes to advertise their items and bring in cash. The most ideal approach to assess these cases is to investigate objective, thorough scientificresearch. Has the enhancement been tried in a randomized control preliminary and been demonstrated to have factually huge impacts? In the event that its advantages are simply recounted, at that point you might not have any desire to burn through your time or cash, or most dire outcome imaginable, chance causing yourself more damage than anything else. In light of these core values, we’ve broke down the logical proof behind the top guessed fenugreek benefits. Peruse on for the best fenugreek utilizes and the logical proof that backs them up. Fenugreek Benefits: Analysis of 4 PopularUses Individuals take fenugreek in an assortment of structures as a home grown enhancement. Its most regular structure isa pill or case, however it can likewise be made into a tea or ground up and joined with different fixings to make a poultice and applied to harmed skin. The most normally guaranteed fenugreek benefits aremilk creation in new moms, glucose levels, testosterone and male moxie, and rewarding irritation. Let’s take a gander at the best four advantages of fenugreek, alongside the exploration contemplates backing upthese impacts. While these are the top examinations as of now accessible, ideally, researchers will keep on assessing its belongings and addition more understanding into what fenugreek does and why it works. Fenugreek can go about as a galactagogue. (Continue looking to realize what galactagogue implies.) Utilize 1: To Enhance Milk Production in New Mothers Fenugreek is generally utilized as a galactagogue, or a milk stream upgrading operator in new moms. Nursing ladies take fenugreek in pill structure or drink it as a tea after they’ve had a child. While fenugreek has all the earmarks of being a powerful galactagogue, it can have unfavorable impacts in the event that you take it while pregnant. Most specialists prompt that ladies should just take fenugreek supplements once they’ve had their child and not previously. Let’s investigate one of the examinations backing up fenugreek’s viability as a galactagogue. The Evidence: Fenugreek and Milk Production This examination inspected the adequacy of fenugreek tea as a galactagogue in new moms. It isolated 66 mother-newborn child sets into three gatherings. One gathering drank the tea regular, the second drank a fake treatment tea, and the third drank no tea and filled in as the benchmark group. Scientists saw bosom milk volume and newborn child weight increase over a couple of days and discovered fundamentally higher volume and weight gain among the fenugreek tea-drinking gathering. From the examination, specialists reasoned that â€Å"Maternal galactagogue home grown tea supplementation is by all accounts valuable for upgrading bosom milk creation and encouraging newborn child birth weight recover in early postnatal days.† In the event that you’re keen on attempting fenugreek as a milk-upgrading specialist, in what capacity would it be advisable for you to take it? The most effective method to Take Fenugreek to Stimulate Milk Production Above all else, new moms ought to counsel their doctorsbefore including fenugreek as a home grown enhancement to their eating regimen. Since it can have noteworthy impacts, everybody should ensure that they don’t have any previous conditions that could cooperate unfavorably with fenugreek. In the event that you choose to take fenugreek, you could accept it as fenugreek tabletsor drink it as a fenugreek tea. A normal measurement is a few cases (580 to 610 mg each) taken by mouth three times each day. Drinking it as a tea is an increasingly gentle sum. You may drink somewhere in the range of one and three cups every day as a hot tea, frosted tea, or blended in with squeezed apple. Once more, as a rule, pregnant ladies ought not take a fenugreek supplement. You can peruse increasingly about some of fenugreek’s potential symptoms beneath. When it enters your circulatory system, fenugreek clashes with the sticky bear brigadein the Battle of Blood Sugar. Utilize 2: To Maintain Blood Sugar Levels Fenugreek seeds arecommonly utilized as an enhancement to control blood glucose, particularly to forestall or treat diabetes. It seems to lighten issues around the digestion of glucose. Let’s investigate a portion of the proof behind this utilization of fenugreek. The Evidence: Fenugreek and Blood Sugar A few investigations have taken a gander at fenugreek and found that it hada critical impact on blood glucose levels. This first examination gave a fenugreek supplement in both container and cooked structure (on scones) to 60 non-insulin-subordinate male diabetics. At last, the examination found that â€Å"2 grams of a powdered blend of customary therapeutic plants in either crude or cooked structure can be effectively utilized for bringing down blood glucose in diabetics.† A subsequent report additionally offered fenugreek to diabetic subjects as food, this time consolidating it into bread. Like in the main investigation, analysts found that â€Å"acceptable heated items can be set up with included fenugreek, which will decrease insulin obstruction and treat type 2 diabetes. Mitigating issues of glucose digestion is a typical utilization of fenugreek, and individuals with diabetes may consider adding it to their weight control plans in container or food structure. Instructions to Take Fenugreek to Control Blood Glucose The most widely recognized approaches to take fenugreek to control glucose levels are in container structure, ground up and added to food, or made into a tea. The suggested measurement falls somewhere in the range of 2.5 and 15 grams every day. The sum you take differs relying upon your weight, some other prescriptions you take, and different components. Fenugreek seeds alone haven'tbeen appeared to treat diabetes, and it might have antagonistic cooperations with certain diabetes prescriptions. To make sense of measurement and record for any factors, you should converse with your primary care physician before adding fenugreek to your human services schedule. Ooh la. Wine and roses have nothing on fenugreek with regards to getting in the disposition. Utilize 3: To Boost Libido One of fenugreek’s old uses is to upgrade drive. Mediterranean and Western Asian societies have consolidated the herb into their eating regimens for a great many years to upgrade sexual want. Late examinations have recommended that fenugreek may build drive in the two people. The Evidence: Fenugreek and Sexual Desire Let’s investigate one examination including guys and another including females. This 2011 investigation tried the impact of fenugreek remove on male moxie, which it characterized as sexual drive, inclination, or want. It enrolled 60 men between the ages of 25 and 52 and gave them either 600 mg of fenugreek two times every day or fake treatment containers. The physiological outcomes were self-announced by members, implying that the outcomes have some space for abstract inclination.

Penis And Its Transparency Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s

Penis And It's Transparency This first part, a prelude, is resolute on the way that the book is based on genuine occasions. Vonnegut, similar to our storyteller, is a veteran of World War II, a previous POW, and an observer to an extraordinary slaughter, and that reality loans a certain power to what follows. Vonnegut imparts to us his persevering failure to render recorded as a hard copy the loathsomeness of Dresden. There is nothing keen to state about a slaughter, yet he wants to state something. The book shamelessly outlines the writer's battle to figure out how to expound on what he found such that neither disparages nor extols it. This battle we keep in the rear of our psyches as we continue to peruse of Billy Pilgrim's life. The creator likewise unalterably makes himself as a character in the story. It is Kurt Vonnegut, the essayist, the previous POW, who talks about the multiple occasions he has attempted and neglected to compose this book. It is Kurt Vonnegut who articulates the first So it goes in the wake of relating that the mother of his cabbie during his visit to Dresden in 1967 was burned in the Dresden assault. So it goes is rehashed after each report of each passing. It becomes a mantra of abdication, of acknowledgment, of an especially Tralfamadorian theory (something we will be acquainted with later). But since the expression is first expressed by Vonnegut composing as Vonnegut, each So it goes appears to come legitimately from the creator and from the world outside the fiction of the content. Section One additionally indicates that time will be a significant piece of the fiction to follow. The creator was going near and around aimlessly attempting to make a direct story. He had a feeling that he was stuck inside a kids' melody that proceeded uncertainly, its last line maddeningly filling in as likewise as its first. Just when he starts to consider static time, about returning perpetually to the occasions of one's life, about minutes existing forever in no specific request, is he ready to get through twenty years of disappointment and compose Slaughterhouse Five.

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Money related Management - Essay Example This paper talks about on whether the capital resource evaluating model offers the correct proof on where financial specialists can get an incentive for their cash. There are two sorts of dangers that any financial specialist fears and should consider when wanting to underwrite in a given market. These incorporate the orderly and unsystematic dangers (Resource Center, 2013 n.p). The deliberate hazard is what is identified with the entire market and over which the speculator has not control. This sort of hazard hugy affects the measure of profits that a financial specialist ought to anticipate. The CAPM uncovers this sort of hazard to the financial specialist and makes him mindful on what's in store (Resource Center, 2013 n.p). It incorporates the downturn, the dynamic idea of loan fees and other normal wonder that the financial specialist would have no power over. The unsystematic dangers, then again, are explicit to ventures and can be taken care of by the financial specialist. He knows about this sort of hazard and has made arrangements for it. As per the capital resource evaluating model, beta is the proportion of the hazard that any stock venture is presented to (Shapiro, 2006 p7). It shows the connection between the market and the stock by indicating how the dynamic change in the market influences the profits from the stock speculation (Shapiro, 2006 p7). It is done, over a specific timeframe, to decide how the here and there development of the market influences the all over development of the stock costs. Thusly, beta gives the genuinely necessary responses to the hazard return relationship (Shapiro, 2006 p15). Value is all that remaining parts after all the costs of a financial specialist have been totally dealt with, and when all the costs have been settled, and there is lingering surviving from the benefits (Perold, 2004 p12). The capital resource evaluating model does an arrival chance appraisal of the monetary protections of a speculator and presumes that values are the most hazardous resources, and their premium is high (Perold, 2004 p13). The CAPM says

Argument Essay Topics - How to Choose Them

Argument Essay Topics - How to Choose ThemAs a candidate for the Rogerian Asssignment, the students will need to be on the lookout for Argument Essay Topics that will help them bring their assignments up to par. In this article I am going to highlight a few of the most important Argument Essay Topics you can use to produce an exceptionally solid argument and to create a great example for your readers. This will also help to arm you with a strategy for getting the best out of the Argument Essay topic.An extremely good essay topic is one that involves a particular political controversy but is also relevant to some kind of national question. For example, it might be that the president of the United States does not love his mother very much and that he is failing at being an adult. The topic might involve a negative public figure like a business man or some other form of cultural figure who was once given power and then has used it for personal gain. This is where you use the argumentati ve techniques of argument in this case.To make a case for this, it is necessary to show how the argument in this case depends on the issue being raised. In this case, it is clearly about a love of one's mother. Therefore you must also show that the particular love for one's mother, which is being defended by the general public really could not exist without the problem of child abuse, and it is this which forms the basis of the argument in this case.By using arguments and examples in your Argument Essay Topics, it is possible to produce an excellent argument and then prove it with hard facts. It is important to ensure that you try to make the argument in some kind of logical context. If you do not make a good case and if you cannot establish the facts properly then your thesis will collapse and you will no longer have a workable argument.Although Argument Essay Topics that focus on the American national question are usually less widely known than other kinds of Argument Essay Topics , there are many cases in which they are more useful. One of the reasons why they are less widely known is that, although they can be extremely useful, they are very seldom used in today's society. Because the US national question is so central to American politics and debate, it is unlikely that anyone would want to engage in public debate about love of one's mother in this country.These kinds of Argument Essay Topics are useful because they are relatively easy to discuss and so you are far more likely to get your points across if you are talking about something that is not directly political. This is often where Argument Essay Topics are most useful, because it is easy to identify the political issues which are being discussed and also the type of views held by the parties involved. If you are not sure how well you can debate the subject then try to read up on it before the essay is written, as this will help you enormously.Once you have identified good arguments, it is also impor tant to read up on the evidence that supports these views. This is because if you do not provide any actual information and if you try to present false facts then you will immediately lose your case. Furthermore, if you do not provide solid reasons for your views then you will also fail to convince your readers.Overall, Argument Essay Topics should be considered as an essential part of your practice if you want to write high quality essay. They help you identify and discuss opinions and ideas, and then provide you with a workable and comprehensible argument. Using these resources as part of your campaign is really important, as they will provide you with all the material you need to get the job done right away.

College essay topics to write about European Union - Free Essay Example

SUPREMACY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION 1 This paper provides an analysis on the importance of the Supremacy of the European Union Laws, in helping the EU community to achieve its objectives. The European Union is a political institution, with its own legislative and administrative body. The intention of this Union is to promote the economic development of its member states, and create a single constitution that will guide the affairs of the Union. Despite the existence of the constitution, it has not been ratified by member states; hence it is the EU treaty, and directives established by it, that govern the relationships amongst member states[1]. This paper takes a stand that for the EU to achieve success in meeting its objectives, its laws and directives have to be supreme over the laws and directives of member states. The principles of the supremacy of the EU denote that, the laws of the European Union are supreme when compared to the laws of the member states. The European Court of Justice introduced this doctrine in 1964, however, to date; it is still controversial with some states arguing against its adoption. This is because of the concept of sovereignty, which allows member states to have a right of determining their laws, without influence from foreign powers. However, there are a number of reasons given, in support of the principles of the EU law[2]. One of these principles is that, there would be uneven application of laws, if this principle does not exist. This is unacceptable within the European Union, mainly because it has the capability of threatening and compromising the legal system of the European Union. Another reason is based on the doctrines of the direct effect which was created by the European Union Court of Justice. This doctrine denotes that certain provisions of the European Laws are directly applicable to the national laws of member states, without any other enactments[3]. This is beneficial to the member states, mainly because it creates uniformity in the application of laws, hence promoting the objectives and mission of the European Union. The concept or principle of the EU supremacy has never been expressly identified in any of the treaties that form the European Union. This concept was developed by the European Court of Justice through a series of very important rulings and judgments. However, the most important case responsible for introducing this concept of supremacy of EU laws is the case of Costa vs. ENEL[4]. According to this case, the judges denoted that a directly applicable, secondary or primary European law will prevail over the national law, even if, the law under consideration is a breach of the constitution of the country under consideration. Furthermore, in instances where a conflict arises, the national judge has to ignore the national laws, and apply the laws of the European Union aimed at solving the problem under consideration[5]. Furthermore, it is only the European Court of Justice that has the power and ability of annulling the European Laws, by using the European Treaties as a point of reference . Through this judgment, the European Court of Justice was able to create the doctrine of Supremacy of European Laws. One of the major reasons given for the adoption of this principle is the special nature of the European Union treaty. This treaty was able to create a new legal system, whereby the provisions of the treaty, were part and parcel of the national laws of the member states. This is an indication that the laws of the EU determines the manner which states relate which each other, and their internal governance system. This is a breach of the sovereignty of a member state, and sovereignty is a concept that defines a state. Despite the existence of this argument, a number of scholars supports this doctrine of the Supremacy of the European Union Laws[6]. This is because the executive force of the laws of the European community cannot be different. This is because different laws would jeopardize the attainment of the mission and objectives of the treaty under consideration. The founders of this treaty realized the dangers of inconsistent and different laws in the member states forming the European Union, hence the development of the concept of the direct effect. This is one of the major values and principles of the European Union, without which, the Union would be unable to meet its objectives[7]. The 2004 case of Mangold better explains how this concept of direct effect is applicable in all the domestic laws of member states. Under this case, the ECJ denoted that directive 2000/78/EC was able to preclude Germany from increasing the statutory age discrimination, through a reduction of a relevant threshold for fixed term contracts, without an objective reason. Furthermore, the ECJ referred to article number 18 (2) of the 2000/78/EC directive which denotes that member states are obligated to realize an equal treatment of people in employment, regardless of their age. The ability of the court to review and make a ruling in this case, is an indication that the doctrine of Supremacy is applicable in the European Union. Furthermore, the decision by the courts to support the position of the ECJ, by denoting that the laws were contradicting directive 2000/78/EC, is an indication that there is a need of uniform laws aimed at protecting the rights of people within the European Union[8]. Different laws in this regard would frustrate the efforts of the European Union in ensuring that there is equality in the treatment of individuals, within the European Union. In the 1978, case of Simmenthal, the judges were able to denote that any national legal, administrative, judicial and legislative practice that might impair the effectiveness of the European Community Law are null and void[9]. In McCarthy vs. Smith, the court identifies the European Union treaty as an aid, as well as an overriding force. Based on these principles and laws, we are able to denote that the laws of the European Union Community are supreme to the domestic laws. In defending the supremacy of the European Union treaty, Federico explains that it is justifiable because the provisions of the treaty are signed after a series of negotiations, offers, and counter offers[10]. Based on this fact, the application of laws that are not uniform will frustrate the application and implementation of agreements contained in the European Union treaty. This was the major argument in the Mangold case, where the courts sought to create a uniform law that will protect the rights of people across the member states of the European Union. Furthermore, the issue of supremacy is touched in the case of Van Gend vs. Netherlands. Under this case, the European Court of Justice denoted that the European Union Treaty was able to create a new legal system in the international law, which would benefit the state, but they have to limit their sovereign rights. The court further denoted that the states have voluntarily transferred their sovereignty to the institutions of the European Community. This case further denoted that the articles of the European Union treaty are applicable to the national courts, and they are supreme to the laws of the land. There are five major reasons why the European Court of Justice was able to insist of this doctrine of Supremacy. One important reason advanced for this case is that it creates a sovereign European Union community[11]. The European Union is a political community, and it has an intention of creating a constitution that is applicable to the entire community. It is important to explain that the constitution exists, but it has not been ratified by the member states. In-fact, article I/6 of the European Union treaty explains that the laws adopted and created by the European Union shall have primacy, over all the national laws of the member states. Nlau explains that the intention of this provision is to create a supreme and sovereign European Union community[12]. It is difficult to achieve this objective if separate laws that contradict the treaties of the Union are created and applied by the member states. By being a member of the European Union, the state under consideration had transferred some of their sovereign rights to the community. This is a concept or belief that is held by Lord Bridge in the case of R vs. Secretary of State for transportation. Lord Bridge argues that by the ratification of the treaty of European Union, parliament passed some of the sovereign rights of United Kingdom, to the European Union[13]. Based on this fact, the national courts had a right to remove acts of parliament that were contradicting the laws of the European Union. Woods and Watson explain that in a bid to create a common market, there was a need of applying a uniform European Union law within the community[14]. One of the major objectives of the European Union is to establish a common market. It is virtually impossible for this to be achieved if; there are different rules that guide commerce in the member states. Based on this fact therefore, there is a need of harmonizing the different commerce and business laws in member states, so that they may not contradict the established laws by the European Union. Craig and De Burca further asserts that a supreme European Union law would ensure that member states are not able to create laws aimed at pursuing their own self interest[15]. In the view of Schoitheete , the European Union treaty is formed after a series of negotiations, which involves offers and counter offers, with the intention of finding a compromise that would benefit the entire community[16]. A member state that enacts laws, which contradict the provisions of the EU treaty, goes against this compromise, and it aims at pursuing its own self-interest. This is unacceptable, and unwarranted, mainly because it would compromise the legitimacy of the European Union, and the laws enacted by it. It is therefore an acceptable practice for the laws of the EU to be supreme over the laws of the me mber states. Despite the importance of the Supremacy of the EU laws, over that of member states, this concept has gained resistance from these states. It has been difficult to ratify the provisions of this treaty to the constitution of the national state, and their courts have found it difficult to respect these provisions. However, the major point of contention is whether their exist areas in which the member states of the European Union cannot legislate their own laws, and they must defer it, to the European Union. On most occasions, the national courts of member states normally apply the supremacy of the EU laws, based on the provisions of the national laws, as opposed to the rulings of the European Court of Justice[17]. This is because majority of the courts belonging to member states regard themselves as having jurisdiction on issues that affect their national and domestic interests. This is a concept referred to as Kompetenz-Kompetenz. A good example of a country that finds it hard to imple ment the supremacy of EU laws over its domestic laws is the United Kingdom. This is despite the ruling by the House of Lords, on R vs. Secretary of State for transportation, supporting the Supremacy of the EU law, over its domestic laws[18]. The reason why the United Kingdom fails to accept the Supremacy of parliament is based on the concept of parliamentary sovereignty. This principle denotes that parliament has the capability of doing anything, other than binding itself to future uncertainties. The UK membership to the European Union has not affected the sovereignty of the British parliament. This is despite the existence of the 1972 European Communities Act, which allowed for the incorporation of EU laws into the British legal system. However, it is important to explain that the ECA 19722 is an important legislation that tried to regulate the kind of laws passed by the British parliament[19]. This law denotes that any law passed by parliament, should not contradict the provisions of the EU treaty. This was a movement towards the recognition of the supremacy of the EU laws and policies. In Macarthy vs. Smith, Lord Denning explains that the treaty should be regarded as supreme, and an aid to the British laws. However, Duke vs. GEC Reliance Systems explains that the principles of Macarthy are not applicable to domestic laws that are not compatible with the provisions of the laws of the EU. In the case of Duke vs. GEC reliance, the Von Colson principle was adopted, which required that all domestic laws should be interpreted, independently, and they must not be influenced by the laws or authority of the European Union[20]. Cases such as Pickstone vs. Freeman, Lister vs. Forth Dry Dock all agree on the supremacy of domestic laws, as opposed to that of the EU. However, they use the purposive approach, in ensuring that the domestic laws under consideration are compatible with the laws of the European Union[21]. This provision is further best explained in the case of Lister vs. Forth Dry Dock, where the court denoted parliament can pass a legislation whose purpose is to implement an identified provision of the laws of the European Community. These case laws and statutes therefore point to the no tion that the people of UK still view its parliament as sovereign, irrespective of the judgments of thee ECJ, regarding the sovereignty of the European Union laws[22]. In conclusion European Union laws have to be supreme over the laws of its member states, for it to achieve in meeting its own objectives. For instance, one of the objectives of the European Union is to create a common market, for purposes of promoting and protecting its market. It is impossible to achieve this objective, if member states have different laws that seek to protect their markets. Furthermore, the European Union has an objective of creating a political federation, governed by one constitution. This would mean that the member states will have to limit their sovereignty. This is impossible to achieve with different laws that govern the operation and interpretation of laws within the European Union. However, this concept of Supremacy of European Union is not directly expressed in its treaties and directives. It is only implied through the judgments of the European Court of Justice. It is therefore a controversial issue within the member states of the European Union. Bibliography: Alina Kaczorowska, European Union Law (Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge Publishers, 2009). Anca Pusca, Rejecting the EU Constituion? From the Constitutional Treaty to the Treaty of Lisbon (New York, Harlow Publishers, 2009). Catherine Barnard, The Substantive Law of the EU: The Four Freedoms ( 3rd edn, Oxford, OUP, 2010). Damian Chalmers, Gareth Davies and Giorgio Monti, European Union Law: Text and Materials, (3rd end, Cambridge, CUP,2014). Elena Korosteleva, The European Union and its Eastern Neighbours: Towards a More Ambitious Partnership (London, Routledge Publishers, 2012). Giacomo Federico,. The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights from Declaration to Binding Instrument (Dordrecht: Springer, 2011). John Fairhurst, Law of the European Union (6th ed. Harlow, England: Pearson/Longman, 2007). Justus Nlau, Drafting the EU Charter: Rights, Legitimacy, and Process ( Houndmills, Palgrave Macmillan, 2005). Lorna Woods and Philippa Watson, EU law (12th edn, Oxford, OUP, 2014). Margot Horspool, European Union Law (4th ed. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2006). Paul Craig and Graine de Burca, European Union Law: Text, Cases and Materials, (5th edn,Oxford, OUP, 2011). Philippe Schoitheete, The Case for Europe: Unity, Diversity and Democracy in the European Union (Lynne Rienner, 2000). Robert Schutze, EU Constitutional Law (Cambridge, CUP, 2012). Sionaidhi Scott, Constitutional Law of the European Union (Harlow, England: Longman Publishers, 2002). [1] Anca Pusca, Rejecting the EU Constituion? From the Constitutional Treaty to the Treaty of Lisbon (New York, Harlow Publishers, 2009), p. 11. [2] Catherine Barnard, The Substantive Law of the EU: The Four Freedoms ( 3rd edn, Oxford, OUP, 2010), p. 27 . [3] Alina Kaczorowska, European Union Law (Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge Publishers, 2009), p. 33. [4] Elena Korosteleva, The European Union and its Eastern Neighbours: Towards a More Ambitious Partnership (London, Routledge Publishers, 2012), p. 19. [5] Kaczorowska, European Union Law, p. 56 [6] Damian Chalmers, Gareth Davies and Giorgio Monti, European Union Law: Text and Materials, (3rd end, Cambridge, CUP,2014), p. 29. [7] Giacomo Federico,. The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights from Declaration to Binding Instrument (Dordrecht: Springer, 2011), p. 21. [8] Federico, The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights from Declaration to Binding Instrument, p. 26 [9] John Fairhurst, Law of the European Union (6th ed. Harlow, England: Pearson/Longman, 2007), p. 36. [10] Giacomo Federico,. The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights from Declaration to Binding Instrument (Dordrecht: Springer, 2011), p. 11. [11] Philippe Schoitheete, The Case for Europe: Unity, Diversity and Democracy in the European Union (Lynne Rienner, 2000), p. 47. [12] Justus Nlau, Drafting the EU Charter: Rights, Legitimacy, and Process ( Houndmills,Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), p. 21. [13] Margot Horspool, European Union Law (4th ed. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2006), p. 77. [14] Lorna Woods and Philippa Watson, EU law (12th edn, Oxford, OUP, 2014), p. 33. [15] Paul Craig and Graine de Burca, European Union Law: Text, Cases and Materials, (5th edn,Oxford, OUP, 2011), p. 43. [16] Philippe Schoitheete, The Case for Europe: Unity, Diversity and Democracy in the European Union (Lynne Rienner, 2000), p. 41. [17] Woods and Watson, EU law, p. 28 [18] Robert Schutze, EU Constitutional Law (Cambridge, CUP, 2012), p, 17. [19] Sionaidhi Scott, Constitutional Law of the European Union (Harlow, England: Longman Publishers, 2002), p. 31. [20] Schoitheete, The Case for Europe: Unity, Diversity and Democracy in the European Union, p. 42. [21] Schutze, EU Constitutional Law, 36. [22] Scott, Constitutional Law of the European Union, p. 44

Plato Was An Ancient Greek Philosopher Essay - 1698 Words

Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher thought to have been born in 428 B.C, he was the son of Ariston and was brought up in an aristocratic way of life. Because of his social status and connections he obtained through his family, it was thought he would inevitably end up involved in Athenian political life, but this did not happen to such an extent, a friend of his, Socrates had an enormous effect on him and why he did not end up with a prominent role in politics. He explains this in his Seventh Letter, and tells of after the revolution, the government put in charge, being friends and family of his, called on him to join them. 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Snake Venom - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2874 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/21 Category Biology Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Intro â€Å"Each year around 1 million people world wide are bitten by snakes, and around 30,000 to 40,000 of the snake bite victims die from the venomous injection of a venomous snake. Of the 2,000 species of snakes, about 400 are venomous. The cobra, coral snake, and rattlesnake are common examples of venomous snakes. † (Snake2). Knowing this information and more can possibly save yours or somebody else’s life when put into a situation when you have been bitten by a snake and can’t identify it, this paper will educate you on what to do in case of a snake bite and how the venom works on the human body. Snake bite- â€Å"the wound made by the fangs of a venomous snake or the teeth of a non-venomous one. † (Snakebite). Snakes only bite to capture prey or protect themselves when they feel threatened. When they feel threatened they give you warnings to tell you that they are about to strike. For example a rattlesnake will shake its rattle, a cobra will raise its hood, and the majority of the snake world will warn you with a loud audible hiss. Ways of Envomation â€Å"The process of introducing venom into a victim is called envenomating. Envenomating by snakes is most often through their bite, but some species, like the spitting cobra, use additional methods such as squirting venom onto the mucous membranes (eyes, nose, and mouth) of prey animals. † (Reptipage 1). There are different types of delivery methods of delivery of venom. First you come to the short fixed fangs of cobras and mambas. These fangs are fixed in the front of the snakes mouth and do not move when envenomating. In exception for the cobras there is the spitting cobra, which shoots out a jet of venom out of the hollow holes in the fangs. The snake usually aims for the eyes, nose, or mouth as mentioned above. Then we come to the vipers, which have swiveling fangs, which swing forward like a hinge while striking. Then there are the rear fanged snake s, which most of them are in the colibrid family. These fascinating snakes have fixed fangs in the back of their mouth, which are actually just enlargened teeth, the strangest of these snakes in the stiletto snake. When the snake goes to strike, the fangs slide out of the side of the mouth and the snake strikes with the side of its mouth. It smacks its head on the victim and the fangs pierce the victim from the side of the mouth. When the snake bites, it chews to get venom flowing. Most of the snakes in this family are mildly venomous and the power of the venom isn’t strong enough to do any real harm. Venom â€Å"Venoms are basically modified digestive juices, with a clear or yellowish tint to it. The components of venom cause the prey’s nervous system to malfunction while others break down muscles and blood vessels. Most venoms cause a multitude of effects that work in concert to paralyze and kill. The snake stores the venom in glands behind each eye that conne ct with enlargened teeth modified for injection. † (Harvey 10). The Action of Venom â€Å"Snake venom is a complex protein substance and its exact composition varies from one species of snake to anther. When a snake bites, it generally injects its venom though or near its fangs into the wound. Snakebite can even occur when the snake has been dead recently, or even by the snakes dismembered head because the snakes nerve reflexes are not extinguished for many hours. † (Snakebite 2). A neurotoxin venom works to disrupt the function of the brain and nervous system. Classically, such snake venom causes paralysis or lack of muscle control, but it can also disrupt the individual signals sent between neurons and muscles. Such venoms can also attack the body’s supply of ATP, a nucleotide that is critical in energy transfer. Researchers once believed that many snake venoms contained digestive enzymes to make it easier to process prey. However, this does not appear to be th e case; snakes with digestive enzymes in their venom don’t digest prey any more quickly. More probably, such snake venom contributes to tissue death by literally eating the tissue away, accomplishing the snakes goal of incapacitating a victim long enough to start eating. Some animals have natural immunities to snake venom and immunities can also be induced through careful applications of processing the venom. This technique is used to make the venom used in snakebite treatments. Because there are around 600 venomous snakes in the world, many nations have venom exchange programs, which ensure that hospitals and treatment centers can provide anti-venom from other facilities in an emergency. (Snakebite 1). Venom Composition â€Å"Snake venom has a great majority of proteins: some have enzymatic activity, some can block nerve or muscle cell receptors, and some have activity in the protein cascades for coagulation, complement fixation, or inflammation. † (Reptipage 1). à ¢â‚¬Å"Most snake venoms contain specific proteins that paralyze the prey so that it no longer moves, interfere with normal blood clotting mechanisms so that the anima goes into shack and then they begin the process of digestion by breaking down the tissues of the prey animal. † (Reptipage 1). Toxicity (LD 50) Toxicity of venoms is usually expressed by LD50: the lowest dose that kills 50% of a group of experimental animals. That dose varies not just between the venoms tested, but also depends on which species of prey animals receive the venom. Generally, the most toxic venom is the one with the lowest LD50. However, some snakes have venoms that are quite specialized for certain types of prey. Few studies have used the natural prey of a snake species, which would involve capturing a number of wild animals. Instead most research has used inbred strains of laboratory animals. Human susceptibility to snake venom is generally estimated from the LD50 for rodents. The next factor i n assessing the danger of a partiticular species of snake is the dose of venom that is actually introduced into the tissues. Some types of snakes have an extremely efficient mechanism of injection venom with a sing strike; others have poor success in doing so. The amount of venom produced by snakes that is available for secretion with a bite also varies between kinds of snakes, and between individuals (usually by size) of any one species† (reptipage 1). Symptoms of venomous snakebites. The symptoms vary not only with the type of venom injected, but also with the amount. A snake may release no venom at all, or it may release as much as 75% of the total amount stored in its venom glands. Often when a snake bites in self-defense, it injects less venom than when it attacks its prey. The physical condition of the victim and the location of the bite also affect the severity of the symptoms. A bite into a muscle is less dangerous than a bite into a blood vessel, for example, because toxins in the blood are quickly circulated through the body. General symptoms of snakebite include localized pain and swelling soon after the bite occurs, followed by nausea, tingling or numbness, weakness, and shortness of breath. If victims do not receive treatment within a few hours, they may suffer convulsions, fall into a coma, and die. Even venoms that damage only tissue can be fatal within several days. † (Snake venom 2). Listed below are different stages of snakebite symptoms: Paralysis â€Å"Some proteins secreted in snake venoms are toxins that affect nerves. (Neurotoxins) and the contractibility of muscle. Most neurotoxins in snake venoms are too large to cross the blood-brain barrier, and so they usually exert their effects on the peripheral nervous system rather than directly on the brain and spinal cord. Many of these neurotoxins cause paralysis by blocking the neuromuscular junction. In fact, biologists first learned some of the details of how the neuromu scular junction normally functions by using purified snake venoms in physiology experiments. † (Reptipage 2). Shock â€Å"Many components in snake venom disrupt normal blood flow and normal blood clotting (coagulation). Some common enzymes in snake venoms increase bleeding by preventing the formation of clots, and others by breaking down established clots. Both of these types of enzymes include metalloproteases. Other toxins increase ‘bleeding time’ by inhibiting the aggregation of platelets, the small odd-shaped blood cells that collect at the site of a tear in a blood vessel and form a plug to close it. Profound loss of blood can cause hemorrhagic shock, and disable a prey animal. When many tiny blood clots form in the bloodstream there is a pathological condition known as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which also causes shock. Some enzymes in snake venom set of DIC in the bloodstream of their envenomated prey by interfering with the activi ty of serine proteases involved in the regulation of hemostasis. † (Reptipage 2†). Infarction (stoke and heart attack) â€Å"Toxins that set off clotting within the blood vessels of envenomated animals can cause both stroke and heart attacks. Infarction is a medical term that means death to tissues because of a block in their blood supply, and clots within the arteries of the neck and brain, as well as the coronary arteries can deprive the blood supply enough to cause infarctions in these organs. (Reptipage 3). Death!!!! When the circumstances are right, and enough venom is injected, if you do not receive medical attention immediately after the bite, you will DIE! Types of venomous snakes There are two major types of venomous snakes: 1. Vipers and 2. Elapids. Vipers include rattlesnakes, copperhead, and water moccasins. Many vipers strike and release their victims quickly because their fangs can shoot venom instantly into the wound. Elapids include cobras, mambas, and c oral snakes. The fangs of an elapid snake do not deliver venom quickly; therefore, an elapid frequently hangs on to its victim and chews, forcing venom into the bite. In most cases, the wound from an elapid causes little pain at first. But later the breathing organs of the victim become partly paralyzed, and the victim becomes sleepy. Venom characteristics and venom delivery (according to family) The venomous snakes are represented in only four families. There are variations in the methods of envenomation according to family. The families are listed below with information included about each of them. Crotalinae (crotalines) â€Å" Common names of well-known members: Pit vipers, including lanceheads, moccasins, and rattlesnakes. â€Å"Pit viper venom characteristically contains a potent mix of enzymes that produce an emphatic degree of tissue destruction at the site of the bite. As with most venom, there can be both local and systematic effects. However, unless a bite by a pi t viper is â€Å"dry† (meaning no venom injected), there will ordinarily be marked inflammation at the site of the bite and possibly systemic effects. Rattlesnakes range in size from small pigmy rattlesnakes (sistrurus) to large (many species of crotalus, such as the Eastern diamondback, (crotalus adamanteus) most pit vipers are potentially very active and aggressive snakes. The strike can be lightning quick, measured in one study as less than 50ms. † (Reptipage 2). Viperidae (viperids) Common names of well know members: pitless vipers, pit vipers â€Å"Bites by snakes of the family viperidae often induce local break down of muscle and tissues which may result in permanent deformity in the region of the bite (myotoxic phospholipases). Some types of vipers inject venom that travels through the blood stream and breaks down muscle cells systemically, with relatively little reaction at the site of the bite, but enough muscle cells throughout the body release their co ntents into the victim’s bloodstream to cause a condition know as rhabdomyolysis. In rhabdomyolysis (rhabdo=rod, myo=muscle cell, lysis=breaks apart) the large iron containing protein, myoglobin, is released into the circulation (myoglobulinemia). When myoglobin reaches the kidney, the renal system attempts to filter it out of the blood. If the amount of myoglobin is very large, acute renal failure results, and the blood is no longer properly filtered of even normal body wastes by the kidneys. The common names of vipers frequently fail to identify an actual species. For example, the name, rock viper, refers to two entirely different kinds of snakes. † (Reptipage 2). Elapidae (elapids) Common names of well-known members: cobras, kraits, coral snakes, mambas, sea snakes, sea kraits, and Australian elapids â€Å"The venom of elapid snakes is notorious for the potency of its neurotoxins. These snakes have similarities in their venom compared to Vipers. Venomous elapi d snakes greatly range in size, aggressiveness and in habitat. † (Snake bite 2). For example the king cobra (ophiophagus Hannah) is the world’s longest venomous snake, growing up to 5. 5m. (18. 5 ft. ) And the Coral Snake only grows to a maximum of 2 ft. â€Å"The main constituent of king cobra venom is a postsynaptic neurotoxin, and a single bite can deliver up to 400-500 mg. Of venom, about fifteen thousand times the LD50 dose for mice. The world’s most venomous snake is the Australian elapid: the small-scaled snake (oxyuranus micolepidotuscan) delivers up to 100 mg. Of venom with an LD50 dose of 0. 01 mg. kg) 1 giving it up to 500,000 LD50mice doses. Although sea snakes have some of the world’s most potent venom, the numbers of human fatalities from snakebites is apparently limited by their marine environment and behavior. For prey animals and in cases of defensive behavior towards humans, â€Å"neuromuscular paralysis usually occurs with elapid (c obra, krait, and mamba) envenomation†, however, many elapid snakes have venoms that also include toxins that cause bleeding. For example the venom of all contain metalloproteinases that interfere with platelet aggregation. Besides neurotoxins and metalloproteinsases, there are additional types of bioactive proteins and polypeptides that are common in elapid venom. A second group of toxins are cell membrane poisons that act in a general fashion, but their chief effect is on the heart, producing arrhythmias and impaired contractility. The third group of toxins contains enzymes that break down protein and connective tissue. These necrosis producing toxins are typical of the venom from the spitting cobras (naja spp. ) of Africa, china and Sumatra† (Reptipage 2). Colubridea (colubrids) Common well known members: boomslang This family of snakes contains about 2/3 of all living species of snakes. A minority has somewhat enlargened-grooved teeth at the back of the upper jaw f or delivering venom under low pressure. This unsophisticated system for venom delivery makes it more difficult for scientists to collect colubrid venom for chemical studies than the venom from vipers and most elapids, which inject venom through front fangs under higher pressure. Often, colubrid venoms were collected only in relatively small quantities and with impurities from other mouth contents from the snake. As more recent collection methods have been devised that overcome some of these problems, researchers have discovered that earlier assumptions about the venom contents were sometimes mistaken. For example, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which had been thought to be lacking in venoms in this family has now been detected in at least two species. Some venoms show high toxiticity toward mice, and others are toxic to birds and/or frogs only. Because many colubrids feed on non-mammalian prey, lethal toxicity toward mice is probably only relevant as a measure of risk posed to humans. At least five species (dispholidus typus, thelotormis capensis, rhabdophis tigrinus, philodryas olfersii, and tachymenis peruviana) have caused human fatalities. † (Snakebite 3). Atractaspididae Common names: Mole vipers, stiletto snakes, burrowing asps. â€Å"The Atractaspididae are a family of snakes found in Africa and the Middle East. Currently, 12 genera are recognized. No full experiments have been conducted on this specific species of snakes, but it is understood that the venom of the group is extremely virulent. † (Wikipedia) â€Å"This family includes many genera formerly classed in other families, on the basis of fang type. It includes fangless (aglyphous), rear-fanged (opisthoglyphous), fixed-fanged (proteroglyphous), and viper-like (solenoglyphous) species. Molecular and physiological data linking this family to others is ambiguous and often contradictory, which means the taxonomy of this family is highly contentious. The nominate family, Atractaspidi dae has itself been moved to and from other taxa, reinforcing the ambiguity of this family. † (Wikipedia 8). Treatment If a snakebites you, call an ambulance and if possible, identify the type of snake that made the bite. Position your self or the victim so that they are comfortable. Keep calm and try to get your heart beating fast because it only spreads the venom more quickly. Tie a band above the bite. Make sure that the band fits snug with the skin, but loose enough that a finger can be easily placed under it. Do not loosen the band until medical assistance arrives. The victim can drink water unless nausea develops. Do not give the victim aspirin, or any drug containing aspirin. Also do not give the victim any alcoholic drink, or any other form of alcohol. Do not attempt to administer anti-venom by your self or to cut the wound and suck out the venom. This does not help! Conclusion Snakes are not cold-blooded killers (although they are cold blooded) like the movies p ortray them to be. They only attack in defense and when obtaining food. If you happen to be bitten by a venomous snake, seek immediate medical attention. There are 4 basic groups of venomous snakes: crotalines, viperids, elapids, and colubrids. This information given in the report can possibly save yours, or somebody else’s life in a given situation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Snake Venom" essay for you Create order

Medical Ethics Is Pain Relief Essay - 2051 Words

The quote† It is easier to find men who will volunteer to die, than to find those who are willing to endure pain with patience†,was noted to be spoken by Julius Caesar.â€Å" Disease can destroy the body, but pain can destroy the soul†, Professor of theology Edwin Lisson of St. Louis University, once said. Included in the Hippocratic Oath, the Declaration of Geneva, and the American Medical Association’s articulations of the responsibilities of a physician, include the phrases â€Å"free from harm†, â€Å"health of the patient first consideration† and â€Å"obligation to relieve pain and suffering†. The American Nurses Association also includes the phrase â€Å"the alleviation of suffering†It is evident in all of these statements that a high priority in medical ethics is pain relief. (Brennan) The founding fathers of medical ethics, John Gregory (1725-1773), Thomas Percival, (1740-1804) and Benjamin Rush (1745-1813), documented important aspects of medical ethics. 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Is God really the Beginning and the End, Alpha and Omega, and the Creator of heaven and earth, including our lives? After all, it states in the Holy Bible that God is in

The Attack On The World Trade Center - 1562 Words

Since the attack on the world trade center on September 11, 2001 in the United States, we have shift our attention on Al Qaeda and other religious extremists. All the while extreme right terror groups are becoming a major problem in our society, but the media and government don’t address them until they carried out an attack on our citizens or government own properties. Extreme right are harder to detect by law enforcement because most of their attacks are carried out by two individuals or 1 person, making attacks unpredictable. When two or one individuals plan an act of terrorism is less likely to alert law enforcement, compare to when a whole terrorist cell plans an attack, because the more people involved the less secretive the attack. Furthermore extreme right are using firearms and other easily obtainable weapons, because acquiring materials to build a bomb is much harder, more time consuming and send red flags to proper authority. Although extreme right and religious ext remist are the most violent form of terrorism groups the both have different ideologies, yet both are still very difficult to define. Extreme right ideologies and beliefs range from anti-communist, neo-Nazism, racism (white supremacy), misogyny, and anti-government regulations. Meanwhile Religious terror groups the current wave of terrorist has a very core belief. Religions deals with spiritual, life and death or the highest value and selves, violence is necessary to protect or defend. They faith andShow MoreRelatedAttack on the World Trade Center1620 Words   |  7 Pagesin and out of the World Trade Center. Millions of the people were in morning rush hour on their way from their homes to work. The World Trade Center was a symbol of U.S. power and financial strength, but that was about to change. A few minutes after 9:00 a.m., the sky was not sunny and clear as it had just been minutes before. There was smoke, dust, and debris everywhere. Two jet airplanes, hijacked by religious terrorists, crashed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center and blowup. The impactRead MoreThe Attack On The World Trade Center1455 Words   |  6 Pageshijacked, they took down a major economic building, The World Trade Center. The Twin Towers were the key success to The World Trade Center complex, the North Tower stood at 1,268 feet and The South Tower stood at 1,362 feet high. The tallest buildings in New York City held 35,000 people each, along with 430 companies. This created an economic target, as each building represented economic power and freedom. The attack on the World Trade Center created an impact on the financial standing of AmericaRead MoreThe Attack On The World Trade Center993 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the destruction is the attacks on the world trade center, and catching Osama Bin Laden. It all started September 11th, 2001 when Afghanistan attacked America. These attacks are by far the worst terrorist attack on American soil. These attacks will never be forgotten. The first attacks on the world trade center were not the 9/11 attacks. In fact, the first attack was on February 26th, 1993. When a few terrorists put large explosives under the world trade center. The terrorists were attemptingRead MoreThe Attacks On The World Trade Center1714 Words   |  7 Pages Many people remember where they were, what they were doing, and how they reacted to the news of the attacks on the World Trade Center. Questions running through people’s minds would be who was responsible for this, and how could we let something this dreadful happen to this great nation of ours. About 14 years ago the United States was not involved in any type of war, believe it or not, ISIS did not exist, and people were not aware of the Islamic terrorist group, al-Qaeda, and their leader OsamaRead MoreThe Attack On The World Trade Center1828 Words   |  8 PagesThe attack on the World Trade Center in New York City on September 11, 2001, had negative health consequences beyond the staggering loss of life. The James L. Zadroga 9/11 Health Compensation Act, signed into law by President Obama in 2010, established the World Trade Center Health Program that ensured those affected by 9/11 received monitoring and treatment services for 9/11 related health problems up until 201 1 and reopened the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund of 2001 to new applicantsRead MoreThe Attack On The World Trade Center2869 Words   |  12 PagesCounterintelligence and 9/11 The attack on the World Trade Center was not the first attack and was not the first time the US Intelligence Community had heard of Al-Qaeda or Osama Bin Laden. The role of counterintelligence from both sides the US and Al-Qaeda, lent to the information flow not only form the attackers but also to the ones who would ultimately respond. The FBI, the CIA, the DIA, have integral parts in these series of events from the information collection to the information flow. In aRead MoreThe Attack On The World Trade Center Towers1790 Words   |  8 Pagesspent time in an Al-Qaeda training camp located in Afghanistan before commencing the attack against the United States. In 1991 Yousef began to plan his attack against the United States. He had arrived illegally on September 1, 1992. He partnered with Ahmed Ajaj from Pakistan and on the flight, Yousef and Ahmed acted as if they traveled separately and didn’t know each other. The attack on the World Trade Center Towers was planned by Ramzi Yousef, Mahmud Abouhalima, Mohammad Salameh, Nidal AyyadRead MoreThe Attack On The World Trade Center Bombing1092 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica has seen many terrorist attacks throughout the world and at home. Seeing them around the world may have hurt, but not as bad as seeing it in your own backyard, when you and your neighbors are being targeted. By definition Terrorism is usually a small group who kills suddenly or secretively. Many terrorist attacks are the attack on the World Trade Center and Pentagon on the attack of September 11,2001, the Oklahoma City bombing, the 1993 World Trade C enter Bombing, the Wall Street bombingRead MoreThe Terrorist Attack On The World Trade Center1559 Words   |  7 PagesThe two terrorist attacks that I will examine are the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center that took place on February 26, 1993 and The Boston Marathon Bombing took place on April 15. 2013. I will also be providing an overview of the terrorist attack at the World Trade Center and the Boston Marathon Bombing. I will explain the lessons learned from each attack in my own opinion. I will also describe what protective measures were taken during the attacks to prevent further casualties and injuriesRead MoreTerrorist Attacks On The World Trade Center1170 Words   |  5 PagesThere is little doubt that the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York on September 11 drastically changed America’s sense of security in recent years. Yet the country is facing another kind of threat, one that is not entirely different than the dangers of terrorism at a global scale: domestic terrorism. At its core, domestic terrorism differs from any other type of terrorism in the sense that those who carry it out are citizens or permanent residents of a given country and who inflict

The Life and Works of Kate Chopin - 1569 Words

Kate wrote two novels and hundreds of short stories. Few of her stories were â€Å"Story of an Hour† and â€Å"The Awakening†. One of Kate Chopins most famous stories is the Story of an Hour. In the story Chopin was brave enough to challenge the society in which she lived because in the first half of the 19th century, women were not allowed the freedoms men enjoyed in the judgments of the law, the church or the government. This famous short story showed the conflict between the social traditional requirements for women during the 19th century. Married women, could not make legal contracts, divorce a bad husband or win the right to care of their children. Kate’s stores were about an actively searched for female spiritual emancipation and expressed a lot of it in her writing. She did no only assert her beliefs for herself, but also to question the ideas of individuality and autonomy during the turn of the century. In The story of an hour Chopin tries to illust rate the unreasonable life that women were having, and it gives an idea about women who their lives were controlled by men and were unable to control any part of their own lives â€Å"Chopin’s recurring theme is the awakening of a spirit that, through a certain set of circumstances, is liberated into conscious life.† (Long). Women did not have the freedom and independence that women have today. She was mainly interested in improving the social conditions of women. She searched for an understanding of personal freedom thatShow MoreRelatedKate Chopin s Story Of The Hour Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin was an American author who wrote two novels that got published and at least a hundred short stories. In Kate’s short story The Story of the Hour she uses some of her traumatic event that happened in her lifespan in the short story even though it the story is fictional. A lot of her fictions were set in Louisiana and her best-known works focused on the li ves of sensitive intelligent women. One-third of Mrs. Chopin’s stories are children’s stories. A lot of Mrs. Chopin’s novels were forgottenRead MoreThe Awakening on Kate Chopins The Awakening1745 Words   |  7 Pages The time period of the 1880s that Kate Chopin lived in influenced her to write The Awakening, a very controversial book because of many new depictions of women introduced in the book. The Awakening is a book about a woman, Edna Pontellier. In the beginning, she is a happy woman with her husband and 2 kids vacationing at Grand Isle. While there, Edna realizes she is in love with Robert Lebrun and that she was just forced into an unloving/dissatisfying marriage with Mr. Pontellier. Robert howeverRead MoreThe Unique Style Of Kate Chopin s Writing1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe unique style of Kate Chopin’s writing has influenced and paved the way for many female authors. Although not verbally, Kate Chopin aired political and social issues affecting women and challenging the validity of such restrictions through fiction. Kate Chopin, a feminist in her time, prevailed against the notion that a woman’s purpose was to only be a housewife and nothing more. Kate Chopin fortified the importance of women empowerment, self-expression, self-assertion, and female sexuality throughRead MoreThe Storm By Kate Chopin1649 Words   |  7 Pageslike writers in present day, Kate Chopin was a writer who wrote to reflect obstacles and instances occurring within her time period. Writing about personal obstacles, as well as issues occurring in the time period she lived, Chopin proved to be distinctive upon using her virtue. Kate Chopin was a determined individual, with true ambition and ability to produce writings that reflected women on a higher pedestal than they were valued in her time. â€Å"The Storm† by Kate Chopin is a short story written toRead More The Life of Kate Chopin1083 Words   |  5 PagesThe life of Kate Chopin      Ã‚  Ã‚   Kate Chopin led a fascinating life filled with times of triumph but also times of great loss. Living in the South during the post-Civil War era, the setting and experiences of her life would have a great impact on the subjects of her writing. Chopin began writing as a way to express her frustration with life. This is why her emotions about life are conveyed so strongly in her writing. One of her short stories, Juanita, is an excellent example of how ChopinsRead MoreKate Chopin s Life And Feminism1281 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopin’s Life and Works- Feminism Kate Chopin, born on February 8th, 1850, was a progressive writer in the midst of a conservative and unequal time. She exposed the unfair undertones of society in such a way that made people outrage and condemn some of her works. However, in the early 1900s, her works were examined again and people started to listen to her ideas. One of these main motifs that Chopin’s works kept bringing up were feminism and equality. In The Awakening, Edna Pontellier, a radicalRead MoreAn Examination Of How Kate Chopin s Work1298 Words   |  6 PagesENGL 1102 – Comp/Lit Essay 2 (Mulry) Sellers, James R – 920022413 Due Date: April 20, 2015 An Examination of How Kate Chopin’s Works Taken Together Contribute to our Understanding of Her Time and the Place of Women in Society Looking at themes present in his short stories and novels, Kate Chopin presents examples of female strength and an assertive rebellion to the social norms during the late 1800s. By seeking to transparently and boldly portray the risquà © behavior of her lead characters, whichRead MoreKate Chopins Writing Career and Influence on Society Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesKate Chopin was a influential author that introduced powerful female characters to the american literacy world. She was most known for her brilliant book The Awakening. However at that time it received many negative reviews, causing the downfall of Kate’s writing career. Now the book is such a influential story that it is being taught in classrooms throughout the world. This essay will discuss Kate Chopin’s writing career and the impact her writing has on society. Kate Chopin was an author bestRead MoreLeo Haines. Professor Capozzi. Research Paper. April 29,1518 Words   |  7 PagesLeo Haines Professor Capozzi Research Paper April 29, 2017 Kate Chopin Kate Chopin was a famous author of short stories and articles. Kate was born on February 8, 1850, in St. Louis Missouri, and she grew up speaking English and French. After her husband has passed in 1882, and that is when her writing career launched. In most of her novels and stories her characters are bilingual, also known as fluent in two languages. Kate Chopin using the theme of feminism in her stories, â€Å"The Awakening†, â€Å"TheRead MoreHow Did Kate Chopin Influence Literature949 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin’s distinct influence in literature Kate Chopin was an innovative influence for literature in the late 1800’s. Her stories and characters conflicted with the societal norms of inequality towards women. Women in the 1800’s were oppressed, and treated more like property than individuals. Living in the 1800’s as a woman meant they had no rights, or power to create a life of their own. The men, in that period of history, held all prestige positions; therefore, formed all of the laws, and social

Pathophysiology and Management Advances †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Pathophysiology and Management Advances. Answer: Introduction: Primary care for chronic illness is very complicated as it is multifactorial in nature. The patients health may be affected by different factors. To provide high quality and safe care the nurse must consider the patient and associated clinical needs (Helgeson Zajdel, 2017). The essay deals with the case study of Philip, 67 years old male, with primary diagnosis of Parkinsons disease. The case study will be analysed to identify the two priorities of care. The aim of the essay is to develop comprehensive care plan for him applying the clinical reasoning cycle. It is the tool for nurses to develop the goal driven nursing care, considering the spiral of series of linked clinical encounters (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). It will help in prioritisation of care while integrating different aspects of the Philips clinical condition. Prioritisation and care plan involves use of clinical reasoning and decision making skills (Papastavrou, Andreou Efstathiou, 2014). To understand the patients health status it is necessary to consider the present situation (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). In the given case study, Philips 67-years old male is presented to the medical ward after losing balance and fall. After two weeks he was diagnosed with Parkinsons disease. His symptoms were numbness in his hands and difficult speech. He feels everything is spinning around. Further, process may involve collection of cues and information from the patients health history, previous assessment and further assessment (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). The patient history shows presence of high cholesterol. He has surgical history of Left knee arthoplasty. As a child he had tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. The discharge history shows patient under variety of medication for Parkinsons disease. At the time of admission he had upper limb tremor that was more pronounced on right side. The patient experiences drooling, fatigue and sleepy episodes during the day time. The patients history also highlights the feelings of blue and fluctuations of mood, global bradykinesia, and increasing hypoponia. The cumulative effect of these may have manifested as difficulty in working with hot water or making tea. His occuputational history showed him as semi-retired worker. He worked part time at tea store. It may be associated with serious financial implications. His social life is poor. He is separated from his wife and his children do not support enough. It may be related to emotional issues if unaddressed. These conditions if untreated may lead to other comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, paralysis, chronic pulmonary disease and others (Lubomski et al., 2014). It is necessary to process this information, to prioritize the care. It involves use of critical thinking and relation of information to clinical knowledge (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). Philips fails to coordinate at work may be due to lack of dopamine. The loss of neurons and cells from the substantia nigra of the brain leads to decreased dopamine secretion. Dopamine is responsible for impairing the basal ganglia in low levels, thereby affecting movement and coordination of activity (Schulz-Schaeffer, 2015). Gait is the most telling signal of Parkinsons disease. In normal condition the patient can walk from head to toe but in Parkinson disease the patient does not lift the feet at all. As the gait shuffling becomes more pronounced, the patient suffers from fall. It is known as freezing of gait (Reichmann et al., 2016). Falls may be due to failure in sustaining the waking velocity as in normal condition for longer distances (Schulz-Schaeffer, 2015). Parkinsons disease results in deteriorating rhythm control, bilateral coordination of gait, Sleep scaling, gait symmetry, and decrease the dynamic postural control. It may be the rationale for motor symptoms, upper limb tremor, and bradykinesia and sleepy episodes. It is manifested as drooling, confusion, and dropping of equipments at work (Schulz-Schaeffer, 2015). Fatigue presented by Philips is the insidious symptom of Parkinsons disease. It is also known as Parkinsons apathy where the individual fails to initiate projects or follow complex interactions and have short term memory loss. Even simple daily life activities like walking, results in energy drain, causing fatigue (Serrano-Dueas et al., 2018). The pathophysiology is however not very clear. The absence of dopamine in the Parkinsons prevents protection of cochlea and result in hearing loss (Lai et al., 2014). Philips is thus experiencing increasing hypoponia. The slurred speech in Philips may be due to dysarthria that is impairment of muscles required for speaking. It may have caused by hypoponia that result in weakening of muscles and weak voice (Rusz et al., 2015). Parkinsons has profound impact on the emotional and the psychological wellbeing. The out of proportion emotional reactions in Philips may be due to biochemical changes wrought by the disease. Depression and denial of the reality of the situation are the adverse outcomes. It in turn starts a chain of reaction that manifests as spiral effect. Starting with sleep disorder, to concentration issues, the apathy increases (Reichmann et al., 2016). Therefore, the mood swings in Philips may be the cause of cumulative effect of emotional impact as well as motor function decline. Depression also causes the memory impairment and slow response (Schrag et al., 2015). High cholesterol in the patient is risk factor for hypertension and other comorbidities (Mark Somers, 2016). In order to prioritise the care the main health issues of the client must be identified. Based on the above analysis and from the synthesis of fact, it can be concluded that the main health issues are impaired physical mobility and speech and hearing impairment. The other symptoms such as gait, balance, tremors, fatigue, slow response are all interrelated to this main health issues. Sequentially, it is hampering the activities of daily life of Philips as well as social life. Interventions are required to minimise the risk associated with these health issues. The main risks associated this health issue is risk of injury (Lubomski, Rushworth Tisch, 2014). Addressing these issues will help Philip manage his daily life activities. Therefore, the nursing care priorities applying the clinical reasoning for Philips are- 1 improvement in functional mobility within the limitations of disease and 2 prevent risk of injury. Hence, to fulfil the two priorities of care comprehensive nursing care plan will be developed based on evidence. An action plan is required to fulfil the priorities of care to yield positive health outcomes (Dalton et al., 2015). The action plan for maintaining functional mobility and reducing the complications may involve patient education on safe techniques of movement. For instance, rocking from sideways may help in leg movement. Bradykinesia and tremors may increase difficulty in getting out of chair. The patient may be instructed to move to edge of seat, take arm support followed by standing position (via rocking). To decrease muscle rigidity, the patient may be provided with warm bath and messages (Van der Eijk et al., 2013). To prevent the risk of injury it is necessary to assess ambulation and movement to plan appropriate patient centered interventions. During ambulation, the patient may be recommended to swing arms and lift heels. It will assist in gait and prevent falls (Van der Eijk et al., 2013).The patient may be instructed to maintain an upright posture to maintain functional mobi lity. Philips may be requested to look up while walking. It will prohibit the patient to have the stoped posture and prevent collision with objects while walking. In order to improve balance, a wide base gait may be instructed (Tomlinson et al., 2012). To prevent injury, patient education may involve teaching Philips to turn in wide arcs. It will prevent crossing of legs over one another and falls. Further, teach range of motion exercises. The patient may be referred to physical therapist for safe exercise program. Philips will be trained to use facial muscle for exercises for effective communication of needs. He may be assisted to perform daily stretching activities. This intervention is effective in improving strength, flexibility and balance (Van der Eijk et al., 2013). The patient may be educated to undertake rehab services instead of staying at house. To integrate the Philips needs the patient may be monitored for non verbal messages and ensure calm and relaxed communication as speech and hearing is weakened. Positive body language and soft tone of voice will be used communicate care needs and prevent Philipss anxiety (Gulanick Myers, 2013). The patient will be educated to talk slowly in short phrases and provide him with hea ring aid, for addressing care needs (Van der Eijk et al., 2013). Pharmaceutical interventions may include use of dopamine agonists or levadopa for motor symptoms. Cholinesterase inhibitors may improve depression (Connolly Lang, 2014). Evaluating the nursing action plan is mandatory to ensure effectiveness of interventions and modify in case of adverse outcomes (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). The evaluation may involve ensuring that home environment is free of barriers. The patient must be safe from environmental hazards. Philips to be monitored during exercises for adherence to guidelines. He will be monitored for speech and hearing cooping. Assess about knowledge of potential hazards and its elimination. Client will be assessd to show willingness to join rehabilitation service. On reflection it appears that the patient may have challenges in adhering to treatment. The patient may be evaluated for anxiety and aggression during treatment. He may be referred to cognitive behavioural therapist for controlling irrational thoughts and behaviours. It will also reduce depression (Troeung, Egan Gasson, 2014). In conclusion, the essay helped to understand the process of prioritising the care for chronic illness, applying the clinical reasoning cycle. It is an effective method to rationalise the illness symptoms and identify the main health issue. In case of Philips, the mobility impairment and weak speech and hearing are the main health issues. Both increases risk of fall and injury. Therefore, nursing interventions are developed for maintaining functional mobility and reducing risk of injury. The interventions are based on evidence and will yield positive health outcomes. References Connolly, B. S., Lang, A. E. (2014). Pharmacological treatment of Parkinson disease: a review.Jama,311(16), 1670-1683. Dalton, L., Gee, T., Levett-Jones, T. (2015). Using clinical reasoning and simulation-based education to'flip'the Enrolled Nurse curriculum.Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The,33(2), 29. Gulanick, M., Myers, J. L. (2013).Nursing Care Plans-E-Book: Nursing Diagnosis and Intervention. Elsevier Health Sciences. Helgeson, V. S., Zajdel, M. (2017). Adjusting to chronic health conditions.Annual review of psychology,68, 545-571. Lai, S. W., Liao, K. F., Lin, C. L., Lin, C. C., Sung, F. C. (2014). Hearing loss may be a non?motor feature of Parkinson's disease in older people in Taiwan.European journal of neurology,21(5), 752-757. Lubomski, M., Rushworth, R. L., Tisch, S. (2014). Hospitalisation and comorbidities in Parkinson's disease: a large Australian retrospective study.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, jnnp-2014. Mark, A. L., Somers, V. K. (2016). Obesity, hypoxemia, and hypertension: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications.Hypertension,68(1), 24-26. Papastavrou, E., Andreou, P., Efstathiou, G. (2014). Rationing of nursing care and nursepatient outcomes: a systematic review of quantitative studies.The International journal of health planning and management,29(1), 3-25. Reichmann, H., Brandt, M. D., Klingelhoefer, L. (2016). The nonmotor features of Parkinson's disease: pathophysiology and management advances.Current opinion in neurology,29(4), 467-473. Rusz, J., Bonnet, C., Klemp?, J., Tykalov, T., Baborov, E., Novotn, M., ... R?Ã… ¾i?ka, E. (2015). Speech disorders reflect differing pathophysiology in Parkinsons disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy.Journal of neurology,262(4), 992-1001. Schrag, A., Horsfall, L., Walters, K., Noyce, A., Petersen, I. (2015). Prediagnostic presentations of Parkinson's disease in primary care: a case-control study.The Lancet Neurology,14(1), 57-64. Schulz-Schaeffer, W. J. (2015). Is cell death primary or secondary in the pathophysiology of idiopathic Parkinsons disease?.Biomolecules,5(3), 1467-1479. Serrano-Dueas, M., Bravo, R., Merchn, T., Serrano, M. (2018). Fatigue in Parkinsons disease: Metric properties of the fatigue impact scale for daily use (D-FIS), and its impact on quality of life.Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. Tomlinson, C. L., Patel, S., Meek, C., Herd, C. P., Clarke, C. E., Stowe, R., ... Ives, N. (2012). Physiotherapy intervention in Parkinsons disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.Bmj,345, e5004. Troeung, L., Egan, S. J., Gasson, N. (2014). A waitlist-controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for depression and anxiety in Parkinsons disease.BMC psychiatry,14(1), 19. Van der Eijk, M., Nijhuis, F. A., Faber, M. J., Bloem, B. R. (2013). Moving from physician-centered care towards patient-centered care for Parkinson's disease patients.Parkinsonism related disorders,19(11), 923-927.