Plato Was An Ancient Greek Philosopher Essay - 1698 Words

Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher thought to have been born in 428 B.C, he was the son of Ariston and was brought up in an aristocratic way of life. Because of his social status and connections he obtained through his family, it was thought he would inevitably end up involved in Athenian political life, but this did not happen to such an extent, a friend of his, Socrates had an enormous effect on him and why he did not end up with a prominent role in politics. He explains this in his Seventh Letter, and tells of after the revolution, the government put in charge, being friends and family of his, called on him to join them. He believed they would turn their unjust city just however, this was not the case and in Plato’s words ‘I saw that these men make the former constitution seem like a golden age by comparison’ This new power sought to involve Socrates in their unholy expeditions, irrespective of whether or not he wished it, this lead to Socrates putting hi mself and his life at risk when he refused to be a part of their injustice. This is when Plato removed himself with disgust at the evils being done, not long after he withdrew the thirty were overthrown and Plato hesitantly re-joined in public affairs and politics until once again, Socrates was called on and this time he was accused of the most unholy act of impiety and sentenced to death. With this, Plato almost grew a resentment for all constitution currently in practice in all societies and it was then PlatoShow MoreRelatedPlato, An Ancient Greek Philosopher1458 Words   |  6 Pages Plato, an Ancient Greek Philosopher by Carly Rittenmeyer Bible and the Ancient World Spring 2015 Plato, a Greek Philosopher, is known for his writings that impacted people in the Ancient Greek society. He was a free thinker and lived in a free city, Athens. He was taught by multiple teachers including Socrates who was frequently mentioned in his writings as the central character. Plato’s novel, The Republic, influenced the idea of government and showsRead MoreGreek Philosophy And The Greek Creation1593 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"philosophy†, comes from the Ancient Greek word (Phileo), meaning â€Å"to love† or â€Å"to befriend† and (Sophia), meaning â€Å"wisdom†; making philosophy stand for â€Å"the love of wisdom†. 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All ancient societies functioned according to a set of moral codes and social hierarchy and teachers were at the apex of theRead MoreThe Teachings of Plato788 Words   |  4 PagesFor the longest time, philosophers have shaped culture and beliefs into what is known as society today. Socrates was a Greek philosopher who inspired many (still inspiring the youth today) despite the controversial ideas he presented about 2,000 years ago. Philosophies and teaching of Socrates evolved the way of thinking and points of interests during the time period in which Soc rates lived. This Greek philosopher’s teachings were unlike those of the social norms during 300 BC, which plays a significantRead MoreGreek Philosophy : The And The Sophists1167 Words   |  5 PagesDevyn K. Smith Greek Philosophy Henry Schuurman I.D Number:130010 Mailbox Number: 621 Protagoras and the Sophists Throughout the history of the world, philosophy has been at the forefront of the human search for knowledge, but there is no other philosophy like ancient Greek philosophy. Ancient Greek philosophy roughly began in the sixth century BCE and continued on up until ancient Greece became apart of the Roman Empire. The great Greek philosophers of the time, like Plato, Socrates, and AristotleRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Plato s Philosophy1340 Words   |  6 Pagesexample being Plato one of the greatest Greek philosophers. Philosophy can be very complicated, but life is a beautiful thing (Thesis statement). One: His Life Plato was a Greek philosopher who viewed life on deeper level; he was an individual who wanted to see and understand the bigger picture of life. Plato was born somewhere around 428 – 347 BCE in Athens, Greece. 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Snake Venom - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2874 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/21 Category Biology Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Intro â€Å"Each year around 1 million people world wide are bitten by snakes, and around 30,000 to 40,000 of the snake bite victims die from the venomous injection of a venomous snake. Of the 2,000 species of snakes, about 400 are venomous. The cobra, coral snake, and rattlesnake are common examples of venomous snakes. † (Snake2). Knowing this information and more can possibly save yours or somebody else’s life when put into a situation when you have been bitten by a snake and can’t identify it, this paper will educate you on what to do in case of a snake bite and how the venom works on the human body. Snake bite- â€Å"the wound made by the fangs of a venomous snake or the teeth of a non-venomous one. † (Snakebite). Snakes only bite to capture prey or protect themselves when they feel threatened. When they feel threatened they give you warnings to tell you that they are about to strike. For example a rattlesnake will shake its rattle, a cobra will raise its hood, and the majority of the snake world will warn you with a loud audible hiss. Ways of Envomation â€Å"The process of introducing venom into a victim is called envenomating. Envenomating by snakes is most often through their bite, but some species, like the spitting cobra, use additional methods such as squirting venom onto the mucous membranes (eyes, nose, and mouth) of prey animals. † (Reptipage 1). There are different types of delivery methods of delivery of venom. First you come to the short fixed fangs of cobras and mambas. These fangs are fixed in the front of the snakes mouth and do not move when envenomating. In exception for the cobras there is the spitting cobra, which shoots out a jet of venom out of the hollow holes in the fangs. The snake usually aims for the eyes, nose, or mouth as mentioned above. Then we come to the vipers, which have swiveling fangs, which swing forward like a hinge while striking. Then there are the rear fanged snake s, which most of them are in the colibrid family. These fascinating snakes have fixed fangs in the back of their mouth, which are actually just enlargened teeth, the strangest of these snakes in the stiletto snake. When the snake goes to strike, the fangs slide out of the side of the mouth and the snake strikes with the side of its mouth. It smacks its head on the victim and the fangs pierce the victim from the side of the mouth. When the snake bites, it chews to get venom flowing. Most of the snakes in this family are mildly venomous and the power of the venom isn’t strong enough to do any real harm. Venom â€Å"Venoms are basically modified digestive juices, with a clear or yellowish tint to it. The components of venom cause the prey’s nervous system to malfunction while others break down muscles and blood vessels. Most venoms cause a multitude of effects that work in concert to paralyze and kill. The snake stores the venom in glands behind each eye that conne ct with enlargened teeth modified for injection. † (Harvey 10). The Action of Venom â€Å"Snake venom is a complex protein substance and its exact composition varies from one species of snake to anther. When a snake bites, it generally injects its venom though or near its fangs into the wound. Snakebite can even occur when the snake has been dead recently, or even by the snakes dismembered head because the snakes nerve reflexes are not extinguished for many hours. † (Snakebite 2). A neurotoxin venom works to disrupt the function of the brain and nervous system. Classically, such snake venom causes paralysis or lack of muscle control, but it can also disrupt the individual signals sent between neurons and muscles. Such venoms can also attack the body’s supply of ATP, a nucleotide that is critical in energy transfer. Researchers once believed that many snake venoms contained digestive enzymes to make it easier to process prey. However, this does not appear to be th e case; snakes with digestive enzymes in their venom don’t digest prey any more quickly. More probably, such snake venom contributes to tissue death by literally eating the tissue away, accomplishing the snakes goal of incapacitating a victim long enough to start eating. Some animals have natural immunities to snake venom and immunities can also be induced through careful applications of processing the venom. This technique is used to make the venom used in snakebite treatments. Because there are around 600 venomous snakes in the world, many nations have venom exchange programs, which ensure that hospitals and treatment centers can provide anti-venom from other facilities in an emergency. (Snakebite 1). Venom Composition â€Å"Snake venom has a great majority of proteins: some have enzymatic activity, some can block nerve or muscle cell receptors, and some have activity in the protein cascades for coagulation, complement fixation, or inflammation. † (Reptipage 1). à ¢â‚¬Å"Most snake venoms contain specific proteins that paralyze the prey so that it no longer moves, interfere with normal blood clotting mechanisms so that the anima goes into shack and then they begin the process of digestion by breaking down the tissues of the prey animal. † (Reptipage 1). Toxicity (LD 50) Toxicity of venoms is usually expressed by LD50: the lowest dose that kills 50% of a group of experimental animals. That dose varies not just between the venoms tested, but also depends on which species of prey animals receive the venom. Generally, the most toxic venom is the one with the lowest LD50. However, some snakes have venoms that are quite specialized for certain types of prey. Few studies have used the natural prey of a snake species, which would involve capturing a number of wild animals. Instead most research has used inbred strains of laboratory animals. Human susceptibility to snake venom is generally estimated from the LD50 for rodents. The next factor i n assessing the danger of a partiticular species of snake is the dose of venom that is actually introduced into the tissues. Some types of snakes have an extremely efficient mechanism of injection venom with a sing strike; others have poor success in doing so. The amount of venom produced by snakes that is available for secretion with a bite also varies between kinds of snakes, and between individuals (usually by size) of any one species† (reptipage 1). Symptoms of venomous snakebites. The symptoms vary not only with the type of venom injected, but also with the amount. A snake may release no venom at all, or it may release as much as 75% of the total amount stored in its venom glands. Often when a snake bites in self-defense, it injects less venom than when it attacks its prey. The physical condition of the victim and the location of the bite also affect the severity of the symptoms. A bite into a muscle is less dangerous than a bite into a blood vessel, for example, because toxins in the blood are quickly circulated through the body. General symptoms of snakebite include localized pain and swelling soon after the bite occurs, followed by nausea, tingling or numbness, weakness, and shortness of breath. If victims do not receive treatment within a few hours, they may suffer convulsions, fall into a coma, and die. Even venoms that damage only tissue can be fatal within several days. † (Snake venom 2). Listed below are different stages of snakebite symptoms: Paralysis â€Å"Some proteins secreted in snake venoms are toxins that affect nerves. (Neurotoxins) and the contractibility of muscle. Most neurotoxins in snake venoms are too large to cross the blood-brain barrier, and so they usually exert their effects on the peripheral nervous system rather than directly on the brain and spinal cord. Many of these neurotoxins cause paralysis by blocking the neuromuscular junction. In fact, biologists first learned some of the details of how the neuromu scular junction normally functions by using purified snake venoms in physiology experiments. † (Reptipage 2). Shock â€Å"Many components in snake venom disrupt normal blood flow and normal blood clotting (coagulation). Some common enzymes in snake venoms increase bleeding by preventing the formation of clots, and others by breaking down established clots. Both of these types of enzymes include metalloproteases. Other toxins increase ‘bleeding time’ by inhibiting the aggregation of platelets, the small odd-shaped blood cells that collect at the site of a tear in a blood vessel and form a plug to close it. Profound loss of blood can cause hemorrhagic shock, and disable a prey animal. When many tiny blood clots form in the bloodstream there is a pathological condition known as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which also causes shock. Some enzymes in snake venom set of DIC in the bloodstream of their envenomated prey by interfering with the activi ty of serine proteases involved in the regulation of hemostasis. † (Reptipage 2†). Infarction (stoke and heart attack) â€Å"Toxins that set off clotting within the blood vessels of envenomated animals can cause both stroke and heart attacks. Infarction is a medical term that means death to tissues because of a block in their blood supply, and clots within the arteries of the neck and brain, as well as the coronary arteries can deprive the blood supply enough to cause infarctions in these organs. (Reptipage 3). Death!!!! When the circumstances are right, and enough venom is injected, if you do not receive medical attention immediately after the bite, you will DIE! Types of venomous snakes There are two major types of venomous snakes: 1. Vipers and 2. Elapids. Vipers include rattlesnakes, copperhead, and water moccasins. Many vipers strike and release their victims quickly because their fangs can shoot venom instantly into the wound. Elapids include cobras, mambas, and c oral snakes. The fangs of an elapid snake do not deliver venom quickly; therefore, an elapid frequently hangs on to its victim and chews, forcing venom into the bite. In most cases, the wound from an elapid causes little pain at first. But later the breathing organs of the victim become partly paralyzed, and the victim becomes sleepy. Venom characteristics and venom delivery (according to family) The venomous snakes are represented in only four families. There are variations in the methods of envenomation according to family. The families are listed below with information included about each of them. Crotalinae (crotalines) â€Å" Common names of well-known members: Pit vipers, including lanceheads, moccasins, and rattlesnakes. â€Å"Pit viper venom characteristically contains a potent mix of enzymes that produce an emphatic degree of tissue destruction at the site of the bite. As with most venom, there can be both local and systematic effects. However, unless a bite by a pi t viper is â€Å"dry† (meaning no venom injected), there will ordinarily be marked inflammation at the site of the bite and possibly systemic effects. Rattlesnakes range in size from small pigmy rattlesnakes (sistrurus) to large (many species of crotalus, such as the Eastern diamondback, (crotalus adamanteus) most pit vipers are potentially very active and aggressive snakes. The strike can be lightning quick, measured in one study as less than 50ms. † (Reptipage 2). Viperidae (viperids) Common names of well know members: pitless vipers, pit vipers â€Å"Bites by snakes of the family viperidae often induce local break down of muscle and tissues which may result in permanent deformity in the region of the bite (myotoxic phospholipases). Some types of vipers inject venom that travels through the blood stream and breaks down muscle cells systemically, with relatively little reaction at the site of the bite, but enough muscle cells throughout the body release their co ntents into the victim’s bloodstream to cause a condition know as rhabdomyolysis. In rhabdomyolysis (rhabdo=rod, myo=muscle cell, lysis=breaks apart) the large iron containing protein, myoglobin, is released into the circulation (myoglobulinemia). When myoglobin reaches the kidney, the renal system attempts to filter it out of the blood. If the amount of myoglobin is very large, acute renal failure results, and the blood is no longer properly filtered of even normal body wastes by the kidneys. The common names of vipers frequently fail to identify an actual species. For example, the name, rock viper, refers to two entirely different kinds of snakes. † (Reptipage 2). Elapidae (elapids) Common names of well-known members: cobras, kraits, coral snakes, mambas, sea snakes, sea kraits, and Australian elapids â€Å"The venom of elapid snakes is notorious for the potency of its neurotoxins. These snakes have similarities in their venom compared to Vipers. Venomous elapi d snakes greatly range in size, aggressiveness and in habitat. † (Snake bite 2). For example the king cobra (ophiophagus Hannah) is the world’s longest venomous snake, growing up to 5. 5m. (18. 5 ft. ) And the Coral Snake only grows to a maximum of 2 ft. â€Å"The main constituent of king cobra venom is a postsynaptic neurotoxin, and a single bite can deliver up to 400-500 mg. Of venom, about fifteen thousand times the LD50 dose for mice. The world’s most venomous snake is the Australian elapid: the small-scaled snake (oxyuranus micolepidotuscan) delivers up to 100 mg. Of venom with an LD50 dose of 0. 01 mg. kg) 1 giving it up to 500,000 LD50mice doses. Although sea snakes have some of the world’s most potent venom, the numbers of human fatalities from snakebites is apparently limited by their marine environment and behavior. For prey animals and in cases of defensive behavior towards humans, â€Å"neuromuscular paralysis usually occurs with elapid (c obra, krait, and mamba) envenomation†, however, many elapid snakes have venoms that also include toxins that cause bleeding. For example the venom of all contain metalloproteinases that interfere with platelet aggregation. Besides neurotoxins and metalloproteinsases, there are additional types of bioactive proteins and polypeptides that are common in elapid venom. A second group of toxins are cell membrane poisons that act in a general fashion, but their chief effect is on the heart, producing arrhythmias and impaired contractility. The third group of toxins contains enzymes that break down protein and connective tissue. These necrosis producing toxins are typical of the venom from the spitting cobras (naja spp. ) of Africa, china and Sumatra† (Reptipage 2). Colubridea (colubrids) Common well known members: boomslang This family of snakes contains about 2/3 of all living species of snakes. A minority has somewhat enlargened-grooved teeth at the back of the upper jaw f or delivering venom under low pressure. This unsophisticated system for venom delivery makes it more difficult for scientists to collect colubrid venom for chemical studies than the venom from vipers and most elapids, which inject venom through front fangs under higher pressure. Often, colubrid venoms were collected only in relatively small quantities and with impurities from other mouth contents from the snake. As more recent collection methods have been devised that overcome some of these problems, researchers have discovered that earlier assumptions about the venom contents were sometimes mistaken. For example, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which had been thought to be lacking in venoms in this family has now been detected in at least two species. Some venoms show high toxiticity toward mice, and others are toxic to birds and/or frogs only. Because many colubrids feed on non-mammalian prey, lethal toxicity toward mice is probably only relevant as a measure of risk posed to humans. At least five species (dispholidus typus, thelotormis capensis, rhabdophis tigrinus, philodryas olfersii, and tachymenis peruviana) have caused human fatalities. † (Snakebite 3). Atractaspididae Common names: Mole vipers, stiletto snakes, burrowing asps. â€Å"The Atractaspididae are a family of snakes found in Africa and the Middle East. Currently, 12 genera are recognized. No full experiments have been conducted on this specific species of snakes, but it is understood that the venom of the group is extremely virulent. † (Wikipedia) â€Å"This family includes many genera formerly classed in other families, on the basis of fang type. It includes fangless (aglyphous), rear-fanged (opisthoglyphous), fixed-fanged (proteroglyphous), and viper-like (solenoglyphous) species. Molecular and physiological data linking this family to others is ambiguous and often contradictory, which means the taxonomy of this family is highly contentious. The nominate family, Atractaspidi dae has itself been moved to and from other taxa, reinforcing the ambiguity of this family. † (Wikipedia 8). Treatment If a snakebites you, call an ambulance and if possible, identify the type of snake that made the bite. Position your self or the victim so that they are comfortable. Keep calm and try to get your heart beating fast because it only spreads the venom more quickly. Tie a band above the bite. Make sure that the band fits snug with the skin, but loose enough that a finger can be easily placed under it. Do not loosen the band until medical assistance arrives. The victim can drink water unless nausea develops. Do not give the victim aspirin, or any drug containing aspirin. Also do not give the victim any alcoholic drink, or any other form of alcohol. Do not attempt to administer anti-venom by your self or to cut the wound and suck out the venom. This does not help! Conclusion Snakes are not cold-blooded killers (although they are cold blooded) like the movies p ortray them to be. They only attack in defense and when obtaining food. If you happen to be bitten by a venomous snake, seek immediate medical attention. There are 4 basic groups of venomous snakes: crotalines, viperids, elapids, and colubrids. This information given in the report can possibly save yours, or somebody else’s life in a given situation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Snake Venom" essay for you Create order

Medical Ethics Is Pain Relief Essay - 2051 Words

The quote† It is easier to find men who will volunteer to die, than to find those who are willing to endure pain with patience†,was noted to be spoken by Julius Caesar.â€Å" Disease can destroy the body, but pain can destroy the soul†, Professor of theology Edwin Lisson of St. Louis University, once said. Included in the Hippocratic Oath, the Declaration of Geneva, and the American Medical Association’s articulations of the responsibilities of a physician, include the phrases â€Å"free from harm†, â€Å"health of the patient first consideration† and â€Å"obligation to relieve pain and suffering†. The American Nurses Association also includes the phrase â€Å"the alleviation of suffering†It is evident in all of these statements that a high priority in medical ethics is pain relief. (Brennan) The founding fathers of medical ethics, John Gregory (1725-1773), Thomas Percival, (1740-1804) and Benjamin Rush (1745-1813), documented important aspects of medical ethics. Gregory is noted in his writing as saying, â€Å" the office of the physician is to not only restore health, but to mitigate pain and dolours†. Dolours is an English word meaning mental suffering or anguish. (Haakonssen) As a humane society, we want to maintain dignity without suffering. Pain management is a fundamental human right. The effects of long term pain can severely impact a patient s life impairing economic, social, psychological and physiological well being. The word patient comes from the latin word patiens, meaning â€Å"one whoShow MoreRelatedWhy Should Animals Be Used For Medical Research?1520 Words   |  7 Pages Why should animals be used for medical research? Is it because some animals are similar to humans probably. Even though animals have rights they should still be used for exp eriments because if scientist experiment on humans and something go wrong they could kill that human being. That is why animals should be used for medical research because they have different blood type and cells from us. Something that can easily kill us might not kill an animal, so with that they can find a way to cure theRead MoreEthical Dilemm Ethics, Values, Morals And Other Law And Policies1520 Words   |  7 PagesIn order to determine an ethical dilemma it is necessary to make a distinction between ethics, values, morals and other law and policies. Ethical dilemma also involves the distinction between personal, emotional and professional actions. 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The Attack On The World Trade Center - 1562 Words

Since the attack on the world trade center on September 11, 2001 in the United States, we have shift our attention on Al Qaeda and other religious extremists. All the while extreme right terror groups are becoming a major problem in our society, but the media and government don’t address them until they carried out an attack on our citizens or government own properties. Extreme right are harder to detect by law enforcement because most of their attacks are carried out by two individuals or 1 person, making attacks unpredictable. When two or one individuals plan an act of terrorism is less likely to alert law enforcement, compare to when a whole terrorist cell plans an attack, because the more people involved the less secretive the attack. Furthermore extreme right are using firearms and other easily obtainable weapons, because acquiring materials to build a bomb is much harder, more time consuming and send red flags to proper authority. 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Two jet airplanes, hijacked by religious terrorists, crashed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center and blowup. The impactRead MoreThe Attack On The World Trade Center1455 Words   |  6 Pageshijacked, they took down a major economic building, The World Trade Center. The Twin Towers were the key success to The World Trade Center complex, the North Tower stood at 1,268 feet and The South Tower stood at 1,362 feet high. The tallest buildings in New York City held 35,000 people each, along with 430 companies. This created an economic target, as each building represented economic power and freedom. The attack on the World Trade Center created an impact on the financial standing of AmericaRead MoreThe Attack On The World Trade Center993 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the destruction is the attacks on the world trade center, and catching Osama Bin Laden. It all started September 11th, 2001 when Afghanistan attacked America. These attacks are by far the worst terrorist attack on American soil. 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About 14 years ago the United States was not involved in any type of war, believe it or not, ISIS did not exist, and people were not aware of the Islamic terrorist group, al-Qaeda, and their leader OsamaRead MoreThe Attack On The World Trade Center1828 Words   |  8 PagesThe attack on the World Trade Center in New York City on September 11, 2001, had negative health consequences beyond the staggering loss of life. The James L. Zadroga 9/11 Health Compensation Act, signed into law by President Obama in 2010, established the World Trade Center Health Program that ensured those affected by 9/11 received monitoring and treatment services for 9/11 related health problems up until 201 1 and reopened the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund of 2001 to new applicantsRead MoreThe Attack On The World Trade Center2869 Words   |  12 PagesCounterintelligence and 9/11 The attack on the World Trade Center was not the first attack and was not the first time the US Intelligence Community had heard of Al-Qaeda or Osama Bin Laden. The role of counterintelligence from both sides the US and Al-Qaeda, lent to the information flow not only form the attackers but also to the ones who would ultimately respond. The FBI, the CIA, the DIA, have integral parts in these series of events from the information collection to the information flow. In aRead MoreThe Attack On The World Trade Center Towers1790 Words   |  8 Pagesspent time in an Al-Qaeda training camp located in Afghanistan before commencing the attack against the United States. In 1991 Yousef began to plan his attack against the United States. He had arrived illegally on September 1, 1992. He partnered with Ahmed Ajaj from Pakistan and on the flight, Yousef and Ahmed acted as if they traveled separately and didn’t know each other. The attack on the World Trade Center Towers was planned by Ramzi Yousef, Mahmud Abouhalima, Mohammad Salameh, Nidal AyyadRead MoreThe Attack On The World Trade Center Bombing1092 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica has seen many terrorist attacks throughout the world and at home. Seeing them around the world may have hurt, but not as bad as seeing it in your own backyard, when you and your neighbors are being targeted. By definition Terrorism is usually a small group who kills suddenly or secretively. Many terrorist attacks are the attack on the World Trade Center and Pentagon on the attack of September 11,2001, the Oklahoma City bombing, the 1993 World Trade C enter Bombing, the Wall Street bombingRead MoreThe Terrorist Attack On The World Trade Center1559 Words   |  7 PagesThe two terrorist attacks that I will examine are the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center that took place on February 26, 1993 and The Boston Marathon Bombing took place on April 15. 2013. I will also be providing an overview of the terrorist attack at the World Trade Center and the Boston Marathon Bombing. I will explain the lessons learned from each attack in my own opinion. I will also describe what protective measures were taken during the attacks to prevent further casualties and injuriesRead MoreTerrorist Attacks On The World Trade Center1170 Words   |  5 PagesThere is little doubt that the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York on September 11 drastically changed America’s sense of security in recent years. Yet the country is facing another kind of threat, one that is not entirely different than the dangers of terrorism at a global scale: domestic terrorism. At its core, domestic terrorism differs from any other type of terrorism in the sense that those who carry it out are citizens or permanent residents of a given country and who inflict

The Life and Works of Kate Chopin - 1569 Words

Kate wrote two novels and hundreds of short stories. Few of her stories were â€Å"Story of an Hour† and â€Å"The Awakening†. One of Kate Chopins most famous stories is the Story of an Hour. In the story Chopin was brave enough to challenge the society in which she lived because in the first half of the 19th century, women were not allowed the freedoms men enjoyed in the judgments of the law, the church or the government. This famous short story showed the conflict between the social traditional requirements for women during the 19th century. Married women, could not make legal contracts, divorce a bad husband or win the right to care of their children. Kate’s stores were about an actively searched for female spiritual emancipation and expressed a lot of it in her writing. She did no only assert her beliefs for herself, but also to question the ideas of individuality and autonomy during the turn of the century. In The story of an hour Chopin tries to illust rate the unreasonable life that women were having, and it gives an idea about women who their lives were controlled by men and were unable to control any part of their own lives â€Å"Chopin’s recurring theme is the awakening of a spirit that, through a certain set of circumstances, is liberated into conscious life.† (Long). Women did not have the freedom and independence that women have today. She was mainly interested in improving the social conditions of women. She searched for an understanding of personal freedom thatShow MoreRelatedKate Chopin s Story Of The Hour Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin was an American author who wrote two novels that got published and at least a hundred short stories. In Kate’s short story The Story of the Hour she uses some of her traumatic event that happened in her lifespan in the short story even though it the story is fictional. A lot of her fictions were set in Louisiana and her best-known works focused on the li ves of sensitive intelligent women. One-third of Mrs. Chopin’s stories are children’s stories. A lot of Mrs. Chopin’s novels were forgottenRead MoreThe Awakening on Kate Chopins The Awakening1745 Words   |  7 Pages The time period of the 1880s that Kate Chopin lived in influenced her to write The Awakening, a very controversial book because of many new depictions of women introduced in the book. The Awakening is a book about a woman, Edna Pontellier. In the beginning, she is a happy woman with her husband and 2 kids vacationing at Grand Isle. While there, Edna realizes she is in love with Robert Lebrun and that she was just forced into an unloving/dissatisfying marriage with Mr. Pontellier. Robert howeverRead MoreThe Unique Style Of Kate Chopin s Writing1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe unique style of Kate Chopin’s writing has influenced and paved the way for many female authors. Although not verbally, Kate Chopin aired political and social issues affecting women and challenging the validity of such restrictions through fiction. Kate Chopin, a feminist in her time, prevailed against the notion that a woman’s purpose was to only be a housewife and nothing more. Kate Chopin fortified the importance of women empowerment, self-expression, self-assertion, and female sexuality throughRead MoreThe Storm By Kate Chopin1649 Words   |  7 Pageslike writers in present day, Kate Chopin was a writer who wrote to reflect obstacles and instances occurring within her time period. Writing about personal obstacles, as well as issues occurring in the time period she lived, Chopin proved to be distinctive upon using her virtue. Kate Chopin was a determined individual, with true ambition and ability to produce writings that reflected women on a higher pedestal than they were valued in her time. â€Å"The Storm† by Kate Chopin is a short story written toRead More The Life of Kate Chopin1083 Words   |  5 PagesThe life of Kate Chopin      Ã‚  Ã‚   Kate Chopin led a fascinating life filled with times of triumph but also times of great loss. Living in the South during the post-Civil War era, the setting and experiences of her life would have a great impact on the subjects of her writing. Chopin began writing as a way to express her frustration with life. This is why her emotions about life are conveyed so strongly in her writing. One of her short stories, Juanita, is an excellent example of how ChopinsRead MoreKate Chopin s Life And Feminism1281 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopin’s Life and Works- Feminism Kate Chopin, born on February 8th, 1850, was a progressive writer in the midst of a conservative and unequal time. She exposed the unfair undertones of society in such a way that made people outrage and condemn some of her works. However, in the early 1900s, her works were examined again and people started to listen to her ideas. One of these main motifs that Chopin’s works kept bringing up were feminism and equality. In The Awakening, Edna Pontellier, a radicalRead MoreAn Examination Of How Kate Chopin s Work1298 Words   |  6 PagesENGL 1102 – Comp/Lit Essay 2 (Mulry) Sellers, James R – 920022413 Due Date: April 20, 2015 An Examination of How Kate Chopin’s Works Taken Together Contribute to our Understanding of Her Time and the Place of Women in Society Looking at themes present in his short stories and novels, Kate Chopin presents examples of female strength and an assertive rebellion to the social norms during the late 1800s. By seeking to transparently and boldly portray the risquà © behavior of her lead characters, whichRead MoreKate Chopins Writing Career and Influence on Society Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesKate Chopin was a influential author that introduced powerful female characters to the american literacy world. She was most known for her brilliant book The Awakening. However at that time it received many negative reviews, causing the downfall of Kate’s writing career. Now the book is such a influential story that it is being taught in classrooms throughout the world. This essay will discuss Kate Chopin’s writing career and the impact her writing has on society. Kate Chopin was an author bestRead MoreLeo Haines. Professor Capozzi. Research Paper. April 29,1518 Words   |  7 PagesLeo Haines Professor Capozzi Research Paper April 29, 2017 Kate Chopin Kate Chopin was a famous author of short stories and articles. Kate was born on February 8, 1850, in St. Louis Missouri, and she grew up speaking English and French. After her husband has passed in 1882, and that is when her writing career launched. In most of her novels and stories her characters are bilingual, also known as fluent in two languages. Kate Chopin using the theme of feminism in her stories, â€Å"The Awakening†, â€Å"TheRead MoreHow Did Kate Chopin Influence Literature949 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin’s distinct influence in literature Kate Chopin was an innovative influence for literature in the late 1800’s. Her stories and characters conflicted with the societal norms of inequality towards women. Women in the 1800’s were oppressed, and treated more like property than individuals. Living in the 1800’s as a woman meant they had no rights, or power to create a life of their own. The men, in that period of history, held all prestige positions; therefore, formed all of the laws, and social

Pathophysiology and Management Advances †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Pathophysiology and Management Advances. Answer: Introduction: Primary care for chronic illness is very complicated as it is multifactorial in nature. The patients health may be affected by different factors. To provide high quality and safe care the nurse must consider the patient and associated clinical needs (Helgeson Zajdel, 2017). The essay deals with the case study of Philip, 67 years old male, with primary diagnosis of Parkinsons disease. The case study will be analysed to identify the two priorities of care. The aim of the essay is to develop comprehensive care plan for him applying the clinical reasoning cycle. It is the tool for nurses to develop the goal driven nursing care, considering the spiral of series of linked clinical encounters (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). It will help in prioritisation of care while integrating different aspects of the Philips clinical condition. Prioritisation and care plan involves use of clinical reasoning and decision making skills (Papastavrou, Andreou Efstathiou, 2014). To understand the patients health status it is necessary to consider the present situation (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). In the given case study, Philips 67-years old male is presented to the medical ward after losing balance and fall. After two weeks he was diagnosed with Parkinsons disease. His symptoms were numbness in his hands and difficult speech. He feels everything is spinning around. Further, process may involve collection of cues and information from the patients health history, previous assessment and further assessment (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). The patient history shows presence of high cholesterol. He has surgical history of Left knee arthoplasty. As a child he had tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. The discharge history shows patient under variety of medication for Parkinsons disease. At the time of admission he had upper limb tremor that was more pronounced on right side. The patient experiences drooling, fatigue and sleepy episodes during the day time. The patients history also highlights the feelings of blue and fluctuations of mood, global bradykinesia, and increasing hypoponia. The cumulative effect of these may have manifested as difficulty in working with hot water or making tea. His occuputational history showed him as semi-retired worker. He worked part time at tea store. It may be associated with serious financial implications. His social life is poor. He is separated from his wife and his children do not support enough. It may be related to emotional issues if unaddressed. These conditions if untreated may lead to other comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, paralysis, chronic pulmonary disease and others (Lubomski et al., 2014). It is necessary to process this information, to prioritize the care. It involves use of critical thinking and relation of information to clinical knowledge (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). Philips fails to coordinate at work may be due to lack of dopamine. The loss of neurons and cells from the substantia nigra of the brain leads to decreased dopamine secretion. Dopamine is responsible for impairing the basal ganglia in low levels, thereby affecting movement and coordination of activity (Schulz-Schaeffer, 2015). Gait is the most telling signal of Parkinsons disease. In normal condition the patient can walk from head to toe but in Parkinson disease the patient does not lift the feet at all. As the gait shuffling becomes more pronounced, the patient suffers from fall. It is known as freezing of gait (Reichmann et al., 2016). Falls may be due to failure in sustaining the waking velocity as in normal condition for longer distances (Schulz-Schaeffer, 2015). Parkinsons disease results in deteriorating rhythm control, bilateral coordination of gait, Sleep scaling, gait symmetry, and decrease the dynamic postural control. It may be the rationale for motor symptoms, upper limb tremor, and bradykinesia and sleepy episodes. It is manifested as drooling, confusion, and dropping of equipments at work (Schulz-Schaeffer, 2015). Fatigue presented by Philips is the insidious symptom of Parkinsons disease. It is also known as Parkinsons apathy where the individual fails to initiate projects or follow complex interactions and have short term memory loss. Even simple daily life activities like walking, results in energy drain, causing fatigue (Serrano-Dueas et al., 2018). The pathophysiology is however not very clear. The absence of dopamine in the Parkinsons prevents protection of cochlea and result in hearing loss (Lai et al., 2014). Philips is thus experiencing increasing hypoponia. The slurred speech in Philips may be due to dysarthria that is impairment of muscles required for speaking. It may have caused by hypoponia that result in weakening of muscles and weak voice (Rusz et al., 2015). Parkinsons has profound impact on the emotional and the psychological wellbeing. The out of proportion emotional reactions in Philips may be due to biochemical changes wrought by the disease. Depression and denial of the reality of the situation are the adverse outcomes. It in turn starts a chain of reaction that manifests as spiral effect. Starting with sleep disorder, to concentration issues, the apathy increases (Reichmann et al., 2016). Therefore, the mood swings in Philips may be the cause of cumulative effect of emotional impact as well as motor function decline. Depression also causes the memory impairment and slow response (Schrag et al., 2015). High cholesterol in the patient is risk factor for hypertension and other comorbidities (Mark Somers, 2016). In order to prioritise the care the main health issues of the client must be identified. Based on the above analysis and from the synthesis of fact, it can be concluded that the main health issues are impaired physical mobility and speech and hearing impairment. The other symptoms such as gait, balance, tremors, fatigue, slow response are all interrelated to this main health issues. Sequentially, it is hampering the activities of daily life of Philips as well as social life. Interventions are required to minimise the risk associated with these health issues. The main risks associated this health issue is risk of injury (Lubomski, Rushworth Tisch, 2014). Addressing these issues will help Philip manage his daily life activities. Therefore, the nursing care priorities applying the clinical reasoning for Philips are- 1 improvement in functional mobility within the limitations of disease and 2 prevent risk of injury. Hence, to fulfil the two priorities of care comprehensive nursing care plan will be developed based on evidence. An action plan is required to fulfil the priorities of care to yield positive health outcomes (Dalton et al., 2015). The action plan for maintaining functional mobility and reducing the complications may involve patient education on safe techniques of movement. For instance, rocking from sideways may help in leg movement. Bradykinesia and tremors may increase difficulty in getting out of chair. The patient may be instructed to move to edge of seat, take arm support followed by standing position (via rocking). To decrease muscle rigidity, the patient may be provided with warm bath and messages (Van der Eijk et al., 2013). To prevent the risk of injury it is necessary to assess ambulation and movement to plan appropriate patient centered interventions. During ambulation, the patient may be recommended to swing arms and lift heels. It will assist in gait and prevent falls (Van der Eijk et al., 2013).The patient may be instructed to maintain an upright posture to maintain functional mobi lity. Philips may be requested to look up while walking. It will prohibit the patient to have the stoped posture and prevent collision with objects while walking. In order to improve balance, a wide base gait may be instructed (Tomlinson et al., 2012). To prevent injury, patient education may involve teaching Philips to turn in wide arcs. It will prevent crossing of legs over one another and falls. Further, teach range of motion exercises. The patient may be referred to physical therapist for safe exercise program. Philips will be trained to use facial muscle for exercises for effective communication of needs. He may be assisted to perform daily stretching activities. This intervention is effective in improving strength, flexibility and balance (Van der Eijk et al., 2013). The patient may be educated to undertake rehab services instead of staying at house. To integrate the Philips needs the patient may be monitored for non verbal messages and ensure calm and relaxed communication as speech and hearing is weakened. Positive body language and soft tone of voice will be used communicate care needs and prevent Philipss anxiety (Gulanick Myers, 2013). The patient will be educated to talk slowly in short phrases and provide him with hea ring aid, for addressing care needs (Van der Eijk et al., 2013). Pharmaceutical interventions may include use of dopamine agonists or levadopa for motor symptoms. Cholinesterase inhibitors may improve depression (Connolly Lang, 2014). Evaluating the nursing action plan is mandatory to ensure effectiveness of interventions and modify in case of adverse outcomes (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). The evaluation may involve ensuring that home environment is free of barriers. The patient must be safe from environmental hazards. Philips to be monitored during exercises for adherence to guidelines. He will be monitored for speech and hearing cooping. Assess about knowledge of potential hazards and its elimination. Client will be assessd to show willingness to join rehabilitation service. On reflection it appears that the patient may have challenges in adhering to treatment. The patient may be evaluated for anxiety and aggression during treatment. He may be referred to cognitive behavioural therapist for controlling irrational thoughts and behaviours. It will also reduce depression (Troeung, Egan Gasson, 2014). In conclusion, the essay helped to understand the process of prioritising the care for chronic illness, applying the clinical reasoning cycle. It is an effective method to rationalise the illness symptoms and identify the main health issue. In case of Philips, the mobility impairment and weak speech and hearing are the main health issues. Both increases risk of fall and injury. Therefore, nursing interventions are developed for maintaining functional mobility and reducing risk of injury. The interventions are based on evidence and will yield positive health outcomes. References Connolly, B. S., Lang, A. E. (2014). Pharmacological treatment of Parkinson disease: a review.Jama,311(16), 1670-1683. Dalton, L., Gee, T., Levett-Jones, T. (2015). Using clinical reasoning and simulation-based education to'flip'the Enrolled Nurse curriculum.Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The,33(2), 29. Gulanick, M., Myers, J. L. (2013).Nursing Care Plans-E-Book: Nursing Diagnosis and Intervention. Elsevier Health Sciences. Helgeson, V. S., Zajdel, M. (2017). Adjusting to chronic health conditions.Annual review of psychology,68, 545-571. Lai, S. W., Liao, K. F., Lin, C. L., Lin, C. C., Sung, F. C. (2014). Hearing loss may be a non?motor feature of Parkinson's disease in older people in Taiwan.European journal of neurology,21(5), 752-757. Lubomski, M., Rushworth, R. L., Tisch, S. (2014). Hospitalisation and comorbidities in Parkinson's disease: a large Australian retrospective study.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, jnnp-2014. Mark, A. L., Somers, V. K. (2016). Obesity, hypoxemia, and hypertension: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications.Hypertension,68(1), 24-26. Papastavrou, E., Andreou, P., Efstathiou, G. (2014). Rationing of nursing care and nursepatient outcomes: a systematic review of quantitative studies.The International journal of health planning and management,29(1), 3-25. Reichmann, H., Brandt, M. D., Klingelhoefer, L. (2016). The nonmotor features of Parkinson's disease: pathophysiology and management advances.Current opinion in neurology,29(4), 467-473. Rusz, J., Bonnet, C., Klemp?, J., Tykalov, T., Baborov, E., Novotn, M., ... R?Ã… ¾i?ka, E. (2015). Speech disorders reflect differing pathophysiology in Parkinsons disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy.Journal of neurology,262(4), 992-1001. Schrag, A., Horsfall, L., Walters, K., Noyce, A., Petersen, I. (2015). Prediagnostic presentations of Parkinson's disease in primary care: a case-control study.The Lancet Neurology,14(1), 57-64. Schulz-Schaeffer, W. J. (2015). Is cell death primary or secondary in the pathophysiology of idiopathic Parkinsons disease?.Biomolecules,5(3), 1467-1479. Serrano-Dueas, M., Bravo, R., Merchn, T., Serrano, M. (2018). Fatigue in Parkinsons disease: Metric properties of the fatigue impact scale for daily use (D-FIS), and its impact on quality of life.Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. Tomlinson, C. L., Patel, S., Meek, C., Herd, C. P., Clarke, C. E., Stowe, R., ... Ives, N. (2012). Physiotherapy intervention in Parkinsons disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.Bmj,345, e5004. Troeung, L., Egan, S. J., Gasson, N. (2014). A waitlist-controlled trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy for depression and anxiety in Parkinsons disease.BMC psychiatry,14(1), 19. Van der Eijk, M., Nijhuis, F. A., Faber, M. J., Bloem, B. R. (2013). Moving from physician-centered care towards patient-centered care for Parkinson's disease patients.Parkinsonism related disorders,19(11), 923-927.

Target market free essay sample

Fitness United is a large fitness facility, in its early stages of operation. We started this fitness facility to help our members save money. While getting fit, staying in the shape they all ready are, or just starting something new. Our gyms will reduce the expenses that the average household spends on staying fit, by offering low prices and making sure that you stay on track; without there being a loss for equipment. When you stay fit and in shape you improve productivity, you feel better about yourself, and you know that you are doing all that you can to make your life better. Our target markets are demographic, psychographic, and behaviour segments. We felt that Demographic segmentation will allow us to reach everyone and anyone in our community. Our gym will have an age restriction, unfortunately youll need to be over 17 years of age to come into the gym. We will write a custom essay sample on Target market or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We will be trying to reach out to the younger people in our community and be able to accommodate their children with day care, this way gym goers will be able to workout and stay healthy knowing that their children are safe and being watched over. Beginning to plan for the future, Fitness United will allow you stay fit and healthy and be able to plan for what ever you want to do. By staying fit and healthy you can plan for that dream vacation hiking mountains in the mayan, or where ever your heart desiers. We will have the latest products and resources that our members will be able to work with to achieve their goals. The newest equipment that allows our members to get fit faster and work different muscle groups each time they attend the gym. Our trainers will help you with meal plans to make sure you get the best out of your work outs and help repair your body after workouts. Our trainers are trained to help members stay on track, with monthly weigh ins and meal plans; this is all part of the membership cost. Psychographic segmentation will let us reach out to people and make their dreams come true, with the right marketing and the right advertising we can touch on what they will be able to achieve with purchasing our membership. Not just a great body or a low fat percentage, but a new you. A new you that you can be proud of and challenge the ones around you to become the same. The power of self confidence is a key with psychographic segmentation and fitness unlimited. Behaviors segmentation will allow us to target the people to seek to fulfill their goals. We will make sure that our staff will walk with our clients step by step to achieve these goals. Knowledge is key they say, we have the best trainers and staff that will sit with our clients and make sure that they are educated about what they are doing in the gym, and be able to answer any questions clients may have. We know that there will be cheaper and flashier gyms in the community, but none will be have the expertise and equipment that we will have. We will drive sales and beat the competition by advertising everything, and I mean everything that you get without membership. No gyms will be able to offer the same as we can. From trained and certified child minding, to trained and certified trainers we will have all the tools to go above and beyond all the other gyms in our demographic.